Abstract We examined the depth-wise distribution of microfungi through 0–30 cm soil profiles under different surface types—cyanobacterial crusts, three lichen-dominated crusts, and non-crusted bare surface located at the north-oriented slope and sun-exposed plain at the Tabernas Desert, Spain. A total of 116 species from 60 genera was isolated using the soil dilution plate method. High ultraviolet and solar radiation, high temperatures and desiccation caused the dominance of species with the protective dark pigmentation and partly with the protective many-celled spore morphology in the majority of uppermost communities. At the same time, deeper layers were mostly inhabited by light-colored fungi producing a high amount of small thin-walled spores—thermotolerant Aspergillus spp. (at the depth of 1–5 cm) and mesophilic Penicillium spp. (at the depth of 10–20-cm, with the increase much more pronounced in the north-oriented profiles). Limited water infiltration in the fine-grained Tabernas soil causing the deposition of spores of aspergilli and penicillii at the depth of 1–10 cm most likely led to the substantial increase of isolate densities at these depths. Among environmental aspects, soil depth most strongly governed the microfungal communities, highly significantly influencing all their characteristics; meanwhile, habitat position and surface type significantly affected only the communities’ composition.

中文翻译：

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通过西班牙塔贝纳斯沙漠的生物结皮和裸土剖面可培养微真菌群落的垂直分化

摘要 我们通过 0-30 cm 土壤剖面研究了微真菌在不同表面类型下的深度分布 - 蓝藻结皮、三个地衣为主的结皮和位于北向斜坡和阳光暴露平原的非结壳裸露表面。西班牙塔贝纳斯沙漠。使用土壤稀释板法共分离出 60 属 116 种。高紫外线和太阳辐射、高温和干燥导致具有保护性深色色素沉着的物种占优势，并且在大多数最上层群落中部分具有保护性的多细胞孢子形态。与此同时，更深的层大多居住着浅色真菌，产生大量的小薄壁孢子——耐热曲霉属。（在 1-5 厘米的深度）和嗜温青霉菌属。（在 10-20 厘米的深度，在北向剖面中增加更为明显）。细粒 Tabernas 土壤中有限的水渗透导致曲霉和青霉孢子在 1-10 厘米深度沉积，这很可能导致这些深度的分离株密度大幅增加。在环境方面，土壤深度对微真菌群落的支配作用最强，对它们的所有特征都有显着影响；同时，栖息地位置和地表类型仅显着影响群落组成。细粒 Tabernas 土壤中有限的水渗透导致曲霉和青霉孢子在 1-10 厘米深度沉积，这很可能导致这些深度的分离株密度大幅增加。在环境方面，土壤深度对微真菌群落的支配作用最强，对它们的所有特征都有显着影响；同时，栖息地位置和地表类型仅显着影响群落组成。细粒 Tabernas 土壤中有限的水渗透导致曲霉和青霉孢子在 1-10 厘米深度沉积，这很可能导致这些深度的分离株密度大幅增加。在环境方面，土壤深度对微真菌群落的支配作用最强，对它们的所有特征都有显着影响；同时，栖息地位置和地表类型仅显着影响群落组成。