ABSTRACT Background: There are different methods to develop in vitro neo-chondral tissues from adipose-derived stem cells (ADSCs). Application of electromagnetic field (EMF) on ADSCs is one of popular approaches, which results in chondrogenesis. If chondrogenic impact of EMF on ADSCs is supposed to be generalized as a protocol in translational medicine field, possible emergence of early or late hypertrophic maturation, mineralization and inflammatory side effects in chondrogenically differentiating ADSCs should be considered. Methods: The advent of chondrogenic and hypertrophic markers by differentiated cells under standard, platelet-rich plasma (PRP)-based or EMF treatments were monitored. Along with monitoring the expressions of chondrogenic markers, inflammatory and hypertrophic markers, VEGF/TNFα secretion, calcium deposition and ALP activity were evaluated. Results: Accordingly, treatment with %5 PRP results in higher GAG production, enhanced SOX9 transcription, lowered TNFα and VEGF secretions compared to other treatments. Although PRP up-regulates miR-146a and miR-199a in early and late stages of chondrogenesis, respectively, application of EMF + PRP down regulates miR-101 and -145 while up-regulates miR-140 and SOX9 expression. Conclusion: Comparing our results with previous reports suggests that presented EMF-ELF in this study with f = 50 Hz, EMF intensity of less than 30 mT, and 5% PRP (v/v), would facilitate chondrogenesis via mesenchymal stem cells with minor inflammation and hypertrophic maturation. Abbreviations: MSCs: mesenchymal stem cells; TGFβ: transforming growth factor-beta; PRP: platelet-rich plasma; ELF-EMF: extremely low-frequency electromagnetic fields; GAGs: glycosaminoglycans; ADSCs: adipose-derived stem cells; VEGF: vascular endothelial growth factor; TNFα: tumor necrosis factor alpha; ALP: alkaline phosphatase

中文翻译：

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低强度电磁场与软骨形成剂的组合诱导间充质干细胞的软骨形成，而肥大副作用最小

摘要背景：有不同的方法可以从脂肪来源的干细胞 (ADSCs) 中开发体外新软骨组织。将电磁场 (EMF) 应用于 ADSC 是一种流行的方法，可导致软骨形成。如果 EMF 对 ADSCs 的软骨形成影响应该被推广为转化医学领域的一个协议，则应考虑在软骨形成分化的 ADSCs 中可能出现早期或晚期肥厚成熟、矿化和炎症副作用。方法：在标准的、基于富含血小板的血浆 (PRP) 或 EMF 治疗下，通过分化细胞监测软骨形成和肥大标志物的出现。同时监测软骨形成标志物、炎症和肥大标志物的表达、VEGF/TNFα的分泌，评估钙沉积和 ALP 活性。结果：因此，与其他处理相比，用 %5 PRP 处理导致更高的 GAG 产生、增强的 SOX9 转录、降低的 TNFα 和 VEGF 分泌。尽管 PRP 在软骨形成的早期和晚期分别上调 miR-146a 和 miR-199a，但 EMF + PRP 的应用下调 miR-101 和 -145，同时上调 miR-140 和 SOX9 表达。结论：将我们的结果与之前的报告进行比较表明，本研究中呈现的 EMF-ELF f = 50 Hz、EMF 强度小于 30 mT 和 5% PRP (v/v)，将通过间充质干细胞促进软骨形成炎症和肥大成熟。缩写：MSCs：间充质干细胞；TGFβ：转化生长因子-β；PRP：富含血小板的血浆；ELF-EMF：极低频电磁场；GAG：糖胺聚糖；ADSCs：脂肪来源的干细胞；VEGF：血管内皮生长因子；TNFα：肿瘤坏死因子α；ALP：碱性磷酸酶