ABSTRACT This work presents the evaluation of the downlink (DL) performance of a dual-layer cellular networks by using energy efficiency (EE) metric, where femto base stations (FBSs), macro base stations (MBSs) and users (FUs) form independent spatial Poisson point processes (PPPs). The proposed network model is developed by considering number of antennas at each BS alongside a single antenna at each user with the use of the conventional spectrum re-utilization approach. Then, Coverage probability and EE expressions for the dual-layer cellular networks are exclusively derived analytically. It is also demonstrated that simulation results are almost inline with the analytical one in the PPP-based model. While coverage probability deteriorates with less margin in the lower FBS density region compared to the scheme presented in Xu and Qiu [“Energy efficiency optimization for MIMO broadcast channels,” IEEE Trans. Wireless Commun., Vol. 12, no. 2, pp. 690–701, Feb. 2013.] signalled not much turnaround of the network performance, EE in the lower and the upper FBS density regions are likely to remain between to Bits/Joule and to Bits/Joule, respectively. Proposed scheme tells us that it is firmly on course to match up with Vehicular Ad-hoc NETworks (VANET) applications without incurring high cost as EE, low latency, coverage probability and low power adaptability are back on good growth path.

中文翻译：

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毫微微蜂窝底层宏蜂窝网络

摘要 这项工作通过使用能效 (EE) 度量来评估双层蜂窝网络的下行链路 (DL) 性能，其中毫微微基站 (FBS)、宏基站 (MBS) 和用户 (FU) 形成独立的空间泊松点过程 (PPP)。所提出的网络模型是通过使用传统的频谱再利用方法考虑每个基站的天线数量以及每个用户的单个天线而开发的。然后，专门分析导出双层蜂窝网络的覆盖概率和 EE 表达式。还证明了模拟结果几乎与基于 PPP 模型中的分析结果一致。虽然与 Xu 和 Qiu [“MIMO 广播信道的能效优化”，IEEE Trans. 无线通讯，卷。12，没有。2，第 690–701 页，2013 年 2 月。] 表明网络性能没有太大转变，较低和较高 FBS 密度区域的 EE 可能分别保持在比特/焦耳和比特/焦耳之间。提议的方案告诉我们，随着 EE、低延迟、覆盖概率和低功率适应性重新回到良好的增长路径，它可以在不产生高成本的情况下与车载自组网 (VANET) 应用程序匹配。] 表明网络性能没有太大的转变，较低和较高 FBS 密度区域中的 EE 可能分别保持在比特/焦耳和比特/焦耳之间。提议的方案告诉我们，随着 EE、低延迟、覆盖概率和低功率适应性重新回到良好的增长路径，它可以在不产生高成本的情况下与车载自组网 (VANET) 应用程序匹配。] 表明网络性能没有太大的转变，较低和较高 FBS 密度区域中的 EE 可能分别保持在比特/焦耳和比特/焦耳之间。提议的方案告诉我们，随着 EE、低延迟、覆盖概率和低功率适应性重新回到良好的增长路径，它可以在不产生高成本的情况下与车载自组网 (VANET) 应用程序匹配。