In urban contexts of prolonged economic crisis, there emerge new forms of economies that express a different way for producers and consumers to have an active presence in the market and be agents in the city’s economy. The initiative is taken above all by the most vulnerable groups, which seek creative unconventional responses to their situation, with or without the intervention of public authorities. This reaction is interpreted in this study as urban resilience, and it is linked to the concept of sustainability and a series of alternative economic practices that should be analyzed via a specific methodology that allows us to understand their nature and scope. As a result, our research question is twofold. First, can operative criteria be established to identify and typify these new forms of urban economy? And, related to the previous question, what influence does the phenomenon have on medium-sized cities? We define medium-sized cities as cities that have a population of between 50,000 and 250,000 people as well as activities and functions that position the city dynamically within the surrounding urban system (Andrés López 2008). To these ends, this investigation spans three phases: a theoretical-conceptual review; definition of criteria and classification of alternative or resilient economic practices; and a case study focused on the city of León in northern Spain, for the purpose of understanding the phenomenon and its relative scope.

在长期的经济危机的城市背景下，出现了新的经济形式，这些经济形式为生产者和消费者提供了积极参与市场并成为城市经济主体的另一种方式。这项倡议首先由最脆弱的群体采取，他们在有或没有公共当局干预的情况下寻求创造性的非常规对策。在本研究中，这种反应被解释为城市的适应力，它与可持续性的概念和一系列替代性经济实践相关联，应通过一种特定的方法来分析这些方法，以使我们了解其性质和范围。结果，我们的研究问题是双重的。首先，是否可以建立操作标准来识别和代表这些新型的城市经济形式？并且，与上一个问题有关，这种现象对中型城市有什么影响？我们将中型城市定义为人口在50,000至250,000之间的城市，以及将城市动态定位在周围城市系统中的活动和功能（AndrésLópez2008）。为此，本研究分为三个阶段：从理论概念上的回顾；以及 定义标准和替代或有弹性的经济惯例的分类；并针对西班牙北部的莱昂市进行了案例研究，目的是了解这种现象及其相对范围。000人，以及将城市动态定位在周围城市系统中的活动和功能（AndrésLópez2008）。为此，本研究分为三个阶段：从理论概念上的回顾；以及 定义标准和替代或有弹性的经济惯例的分类；并针对西班牙北部的莱昂市进行了案例研究，目的是了解这种现象及其相对范围。000人，以及将城市动态定位在周围城市系统中的活动和功能（AndrésLópez2008）。为此，本研究分为三个阶段：从理论概念上的回顾；以及 定义标准和替代或有弹性的经济惯例的分类；并针对西班牙北部的莱昂市进行了案例研究，目的是了解这种现象及其相对范围。