ABSTRACT Establishment of biorefineries for processing forest biomass in the Nordic region is extremely costly due to the high investment, running, and procurement costs. Procurement costs could be reduced by allowing all actors to open access to all available terminals in an area (regardless of ownership) and allowing trucks with higher gross weight. These impacts of changes were evaluated for deliveries of logging residue and energy wood chips to a potential biorefinery, from two suppliers in northern Sweden. Open access to all terminals reduced the terminal-procurement costs by 2–6% and the terminal-to-biorefinery transportation costs by 7–9%. When 74 tonnes trucks were used instead of 60 tonnes, the terminal-to-biorefinery transportation costs were reduced by 4 and 3%, in the current situation and with open access to terminals, respectively. However, the largest effect of open access was that the fraction of short-distance transportation to terminals and train transportation from terminals increased significantly. This indicated that open access to terminals and relatively heavy trucks between terminals and the biorefinery are preferable from both environmental and economic perspectives. Furthermore, the estimated cost saving was adequate and should allow the deliverers to pay a reasonable fee for the use of terminal space.

中文翻译：

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瑞典北部潜在生物精炼厂供应链中封闭终端的成本

摘要 由于投资、运行和采购成本高昂，在北欧地区建立用于加工森林生物质的生物精炼厂的成本非常高。通过允许所有参与者开放进入一个区域内所有可用终端的通道（无论所有权如何）并允许卡车具有更高的总重量，可以降低采购成本。瑞典北部的两家供应商将伐木残留物和能源木片运送到潜在的生物精炼厂，对这些变化的影响进行了评估。对所有终端的开放访问使终端采购成本降低了 2-6%，终端到生物精炼厂的运输成本降低了 7-9%。当使用 74 吨卡车而不是 60 吨卡车时，在当前情况下和开放码头通道的情况下，从码头到生物精炼厂的运输成本分别降低了 4% 和 3%。然而，开放通道的最大影响是到码头的短途运输和从码头的火车运输的比例显着增加。这表明，从环境和经济角度来看，码头和生物精炼厂之间的相对重型卡车的开放通道是可取的。此外，估计节省的成本是足够的，应该允许送货人为使用终端空间支付合理的费用。