OBJECTIVE The primary objective of this study was to track the incidence and progression of traumatic microbleeds (TMBs) for up to five years following traumatic brain injury (TBI). METHODS Thirty patients with mild, moderate, or severe TBI received initial MRI within 48 h of injury and continued in a longitudinal study for up to five years. The incidence and progression of MRI findings was assessed across the five year period. In addition to TMBs, we noted the presence of other imaging findings including diffusion weighted imaging (DWI) lesions, extra-axial and intraventricular hemorrhage, hematoma, traumatic meningeal enhancement (TME), fluid-attenuated inversion recovery (FLAIR) hyperintensities, and encephalomalacia. RESULTS TMBs were observed in 60% of patients at initial presentation. At one-year follow-up, TMBs were more persistent than other neuroimaging findings, with 83% remaining visible on MRI. In patients receiving serial MRI 2-5 years post-injury, acute TMBs were visible on all follow-up scans. In contrast, most other imaging markers of TBI had either resolved or evolved into ambiguous abnormalities on imaging by one year post-injury. CONCLUSIONS These findings suggest that TMBs may serve as a uniquely persistent indicator of TBI and reinforce the importance of acute post-injury imaging for accurate characterization of persistent imaging findings.

中文翻译：

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尽管 MRI 上的其他急性发现得到解决，但创伤性脑损伤后外伤性微出血仍会持续长达五年。

目的 本研究的主要目的是追踪外伤性脑损伤 (TBI) 后长达五年的外伤性微出血 (TMB) 的发生率和进展情况。方法 30 名轻度、中度或重度 TBI 患者在受伤后 48 小时内接受了初始 MRI 并在长达五年的纵向研究中继续进行。在五年期间评估了 MRI 发现的发生率和进展。除 TMB 外，我们还注意到存在其他影像学表现，包括弥散加权成像 (DWI) 病变、轴外和脑室内出血、血肿、创伤性脑膜增强 (TME)、液体衰减反转恢复 (FLAIR) 高信号和脑软化. 结果 60% 的患者在初次就诊时观察到 TMB。在一年的随访中，TMBs 比其他神经影像学发现更持久，在 MRI 上仍有 83% 可见。在受伤后 2-5 年接受连续 MRI 的患者中，在所有后续扫描中都可以看到急性 TMB。相比之下，大多数其他 TBI 成像标志物在受伤后一年内已解决或演变为成像上的模糊异常。结论 这些发现表明，TMBs 可能作为 TBI 的一个独特的持久性指标，并加强了急性损伤后成像对于准确表征持久性成像结果的重要性。大多数其他 TBI 成像标志物在受伤后一年内已解决或演变为成像上的模糊异常。结论 这些发现表明，TMBs 可能作为 TBI 的一个独特的持久性指标，并加强了急性损伤后成像对于准确表征持久性成像结果的重要性。大多数其他 TBI 成像标志物在受伤后一年内已解决或演变为成像上的模糊异常。结论 这些发现表明，TMBs 可能作为 TBI 的一个独特的持久性指标，并加强了急性损伤后成像对于准确表征持久性成像结果的重要性。