ABSTRACT Efficient prey or host search mechanisms are crucial for natural enemies’ survival and reproduction, and arthropod natural enemies may use chemical, visual, contact, and vibratory stimuli either in single or multiple sensory modes to find appropriate habitat or food source. Visual cues are more precise and are perceived at longer range than other modalities and thus are used by various predators and parasitoids to detect and capture preys or hosts. The presence of compound eyes suggests that vision is an important modality of predatory and parasitic insects. Nevertheless, while olfaction is relatively well studied for many taxa, the vision of those same arthropods has been studied much less frequently. In this review, we summarised the visual sensory systems of both predatory arthropods and parasitoids from recent publications and studies. Many predatory insects such as ladybird beetles are known to use visual cues when foraging in combination with chromatic sensitivity and geometric shape perception. For hymenopteran parasitoids, which have very small eyes, olfactory cues are more important than other modalities. However, most of them have trichromatic vision, and some species can even discriminate shape and size. Predatory and parasitic arthropods do not depend only on vision alone to locate prey or hosts, but rather use multiple cues together. In the future, more studies should be conducted on how visual, olfactory, and contact chemosensory cues are integrated into behavioural decisions for better implementation of biological control.

中文翻译：

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捕食性和寄生性节肢动物的视觉感官系统

摘要 有效的猎物或宿主搜索机制对于天敌的生存和繁殖至关重要，节肢动物的天敌可能以单一或多种感官模式使用化学、视觉、接触和振动刺激来寻找合适的栖息地或食物来源。视觉线索比其他方式更精确，感知范围更远，因此被各种捕食者和寄生蜂用来检测和捕获猎物或宿主。复眼的存在表明视觉是捕食性和寄生性昆虫的一种重要方式。尽管如此，虽然对许多分类群的嗅觉研究相对深入，但对这些节肢动物的视觉研究却很少。在这篇综述中，我们从最近的出版物和研究中总结了捕食性节肢动物和寄生蜂的视觉感官系统。众所周知，许多捕食性昆虫，例如瓢虫甲虫，在觅食时会结合色彩敏感性和几何形状感知使用视觉线索。对于眼睛非常小的膜翅目寄生虫来说，嗅觉线索比其他方式更重要。然而，它们中的大多数具有三色视觉，有些物种甚至可以辨别形状和大小。捕食性和寄生性节肢动物不仅仅依靠视觉来定位猎物或宿主，而是一起使用多种线索。未来，应该对视觉、嗅觉和接触化学感应线索如何整合到行为决策中进行更多的研究，以更好地实施生物控制。