ABSTRACT The light brown apple moth (LBAM) was first detected in Alameda County, California, USA, in fall of 2006, triggering a major government response aimed at containment and eradication. The augmentative release of resident egg parasitoids was highlighted among several control methods to prevent the spread of LBAM in California. Egg parasitoids in the genus Trichogramma are utilised worldwide for the control of lepidopteran pests, including the control of LBAM in Australia. Surveys of the resident egg parasitoids attacking LBAM in California, carried out in 2009, resulted in the identification of five Trichogramma species: T. fasciatum, T. platneri, T. deion, T. nr pretiosum, and T. fuentesi. Of these, only T. platneri had previously been recorded in our study area. These initial identifications were based on ribosomal DNA sequences. To facilitate further monitoring of the distribution and abundance of these species, a species-specific multiplex-PCR (ssmPCR) was developed to allow rapid and affordable identification. To save further time and expense, we took away the traditional DNA extraction step and demonstrated that the method performs well when an intact wasp is placed directly into the amplification reaction. In all, per specimen identification is estimated to cost significantly less than one US dollar.

中文翻译：

---

用于快速诊断加利福尼亚北部浅褐色苹果蛾 Epiphyas postvittana 卵寄生物的物种特异性多重 PCR

摘要 浅棕色苹果蛾 (LBAM) 于 2006 年秋季在美国加利福尼亚州阿拉米达县首次被发现，引发了旨在遏制和根除政府的重大反应。在防止 LBAM 在加利福尼亚传播的几种控制方法中，强调了常驻卵寄生物的增强释放。赤眼蜂属的卵寄生蜂在世界范围内被用于防治鳞翅目害虫，包括在澳大利亚防治 LBAM。2009 年对加利福尼亚攻击 LBAM 的常驻卵寄生物进行了调查，结果鉴定了五种赤眼蜂：T. fasciatum、T. platneri、T. deion、T. nr pretiosum 和 T. fuentesi。其中，只有 T. platneri 以前在我们的研究区被记录过。这些最初的鉴定是基于核糖体 DNA 序列。为了促进对这些物种的分布和丰度的进一步监测，开发了物种特异性多重 PCR (ssmPCR) 以实现快速且经济实惠的鉴定。为了进一步节省时间和费用，我们取消了传统的 DNA 提取步骤，并证明当将完整的黄蜂直接放入扩增反应中时，该方法性能良好。总而言之，估计每个样本识别的成本远低于 1 美元。我们取消了传统的 DNA 提取步骤，并证明当将完整的黄蜂直接放入扩增反应中时，该方法表现良好。总而言之，估计每个样本识别的成本远低于 1 美元。我们取消了传统的 DNA 提取步骤，并证明当将完整的黄蜂直接放入扩增反应中时，该方法表现良好。总而言之，估计每个样本识别的成本远低于 1 美元。