Abstract

In this paper, a closed-loop supply chain network design problem is developed. In the proposed model, expected returned products is estimated as a function of return price and if the amount of returned products is less than the expected amount, decision makers have some choices such as more advertising, incentives (extra cost) for returning more products. Different quality levels are considered for returned products which impacts on the recyclable and remanufacturable fractions of returned products as well as recovery lead time and cost. The model aims to maximize the total profit while making several decisions regarding pricing, the network design, material flow, quantity of manufacturing/remanufacturing, recycling, and inventory in an integrated manner to avoid any sub-optimality. A hybrid genetic algorithm and simulated annealing is proposed to solve the model. Numerical examples and sensitivity analysis are conducted to evaluate the applicability of the proposed model and lead to appropriate managerial decision about profitability of spending extra cost for returning more used products from customers.

摘要

本文提出了一种闭环供应链网络设计问题。在建议的模型中，预期的退货估计为退货价格的函数，如果退货的数量少于预期的数量，则决策者可以选择一些选择，例如更多广告，退回更多产品的激励措施（额外成本）。考虑到退货产品的质量等级不同，这会影响到退货产品的可回收和可再制造部分以及回收提前期和成本。该模型旨在最大程度地提高总利润，同时以综合方式制定有关价格，网络设计，物料流，制造/再制造的数量，回收和库存的多个决策，以避免任何次优。提出了一种混合遗传算法和模拟退火算法对模型进行求解。进行了数值算例和敏感性分析，以评估所提出模型的适用性，并得出有关为从客户退回更多旧产品而花费额外成本的盈利能力进行适当管理的决策。