ABSTRACT Many years of research on more effective and safer explosives led to the development of emulsion explosives. They are the second most commonly used group of explosives in the world, primarily due to the fact that they are a good alternative to ANFO explosives or dynamites. Their key advantage in underground applications is the lower content of toxic fumes in the detonation products. Emulsions are also characterized by high detonation velocity, high water resistance, low value of critical diameter and mechanical loading capacity. Multiple factors related to the applied mining method influence the detonation parameters of emulsion explosives. One such parameter is the time between the loading of the explosive into the blast hole and firing, which in the case of underground copper mines in Poland can even last up to 48 hours. This becomes a particularly significant issue due to the increasing depth of mining in Polish copper mines and the high virgin temperature of rock mass at these depths. Experiences related to the use of explosives and their efficiency under such conditions confirm the intuitive thesis that high ambient temperature has a negative impact on the explosives’ effectiveness. In this regard, research concerning the influence of temperature on the detonation velocity of selected emulsion explosives was carried out, including bulk and packaged explosives. The tests were performed for different conditioning temperatures, which are all locally observed in Polish copper mines. The obtained results confirmed the significant influence of temperature on the velocity of detonation of the considered explosives.

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温度对所选乳化炸药爆速的影响

摘要 多年来对更有效和更安全炸药的研究导致了乳化炸药的发展。它们是世界上第二大最常用的炸药组，主要是因为它们是 ANFO 炸药或炸药的良好替代品。它们在地下应用中的主要优势是爆炸产物中有毒烟雾的含量较低。乳液还具有高爆速、高防水性、低临界直径值和机械负载能力的特点。与所应用的采矿方法相关的多种因素影响乳化炸药的爆轰参数。其中一个参数是将炸药装入爆破孔和点火之间的时间，就波兰的地下铜矿而言，这一时间甚至可以持续长达 48 小时。由于波兰铜矿开采深度的增加以及这些深度处岩体的高原始温度，这成为一个特别重要的问题。在这种条件下使用炸药及其效率的相关经验证实了一个直观的论点，即高环境温度对炸药的有效性有负面影响。对此，开展了温度对选定乳化炸药爆速影响的研究，包括散装炸药和包装炸药。测试是在不同的调节温度下进行的，这些温度都是在波兰铜矿中观察到的。获得的结果证实了温度对所考虑炸药的爆炸速度的显着影响。