ABSTRACT The benefits of silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) have been known in many fields from catalysis through optics to medicine due to their unique size-dependent properties. Recently, there is also a growing interest in novel skincare formulations containing AgNPs. In this work, AgNPs were successfully synthesised and were characterised by UV-Vis spectroscopy and Transmission Electron Microscopy (TEM). In addition, an analysis of particle size distribution (measured by Dynamic Light Scattering – DLS) and zeta potential (using the method Electrophoretic Light Scattering – ELS) were made. The obtained AgNPs were in two sizes: small (20 nm ± 5 nm) and large (100 nm ± 5 nm). The assessment of the cytotoxic effect on human skin cells was done. Smaller AgNPs showed less cytotoxicity and thus greater safety for skin, so they were introduced into new skincare formulations such as oil/water (O/W) emulsion, water/oil (W/O) emulsion and hydrogel. Moreover, the study of release AgNPs from emulsions and hydrogel using Franz diffusion chamber with pig skin as a membrane has been conducted. The receptor fluid measurements were performed by Atomic Absorption Spectroscopy (AAS). The last point of the research was the performance of microbiological tests to determine the antibacterial effect of the smaller AgNPs in both solution and cosmetic. Graphical abstract

中文翻译：

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银纳米粒子的合成及其细胞毒性、抗菌活性、皮肤渗透和在护肤产品中的应用

摘要银纳米粒子 (AgNPs) 的优点在从催化到光学再到医学的许多领域中都是众所周知的，因为它们具有独特的尺寸相关特性。最近，人们对含有 AgNPs 的新型护肤配方也越来越感兴趣。在这项工作中，成功合成了 AgNP，并通过紫外-可见光谱和透射电子显微镜 (TEM) 对其进行了表征。此外，还对粒度分布（通过动态光散射 - DLS 测量）和 zeta 电位（使用电泳光散射 - ELS 方法）进行了分析。获得的 AgNPs 有两种尺寸: 小 (20 nm ± 5 nm) 和大 (100 nm ± 5 nm)。对人体皮肤细胞的细胞毒作用进行了评估。较小的 AgNPs 表现出较低的细胞毒性，因此对皮肤的安全性更高，因此，它们被引入到新的护肤配方中，如油/水（O/W）乳液、水/油（W/O）乳液和水凝胶。此外，已经进行了使用以猪皮为膜的 Franz 扩散室从乳液和水凝胶中释放 AgNPs 的研究。通过原子吸收光谱法（AAS）进行受体流体测量。研究的最后一点是微生物测试的性能，以确定较小的 AgNPs 在溶液和化妆品中的抗菌作用。图形概要 通过原子吸收光谱法（AAS）进行受体流体测量。研究的最后一点是微生物测试的性能，以确定较小的 AgNPs 在溶液和化妆品中的抗菌作用。图形概要 通过原子吸收光谱法（AAS）进行受体流体测量。研究的最后一点是微生物测试的性能，以确定较小的 AgNPs 在溶液和化妆品中的抗菌作用。图形概要