ABSTRACT Medium and high carbon steel rods were welded by friction welding at a high friction pressure and low rotation-rate in order to decrease the peak temperature during the welding. The peak temperatures at both joint surfaces were confirmed to be below the A1 transformation temperature, thus martensitic transformation was prohibited at the dominant part of the joints. The average grain size of the ferrite near the joint interface of both joints was below 1 µm. These joints had both a superior tensile strength and larger elongation than those formed by conventional methods. These results revealed that friction welding below the A1 temperature can improve the mechanical properties of similar joints of medium and high carbon steels.

中文翻译：

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A1温度以下摩擦焊形成的中高碳钢接头

摘要 为了降低焊接过程中的峰值温度，中碳钢和高碳钢棒在高摩擦压力和低转速下通过摩擦焊进行焊接。确认两个接头表面的峰值温度低于 A1 转变温度，因此在接头的主要部分禁止马氏体转变。两个接头的接头界面附近的铁素体平均晶粒尺寸低于 1 µm。与传统方法形成的接头相比，这些接头具有优异的抗拉强度和更大的伸长率。这些结果表明，低于A1温度的摩擦焊可以改善中高碳钢类似接头的力学性能。