Abstract

In this study, an efficient gas chromatography with mass-spectrometric detector (GC/MS) method has been developed for extraction and quantitation of 16 carcinogenic polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons PAH in frying edible oil. The method showed satisfactory linearity (R² > 0.995) over the range (1.00–100.0 µg kg⁻¹), the limits of detection were 0.0700 to 1.26 µg kg⁻¹, limits of quantitation ranged from 0.230 to 4.20 µg kg⁻¹, and the recovery ranged from 71.5% to 101. %. Samples of used frying edible oils have been collected from different fast food restaurants in Jordan. The mean of the 16 PAH in the oil samples ranged from 1.49 to 65.7 µg kg⁻¹, while the concentration of Benzo[a]pyrene ranged from 3.08 to 4.09 µg kg⁻¹. In addition, the incremental lifetime cancer risk (ILCR) associated with PAH was estimated, and ranged from 1.01 × 10⁻⁹ to 3.33 × 10⁻⁶, indicating a slight potential risk. A second objective of this research involved calculation of p-Anisidine values (AVs) in the collected frying oil samples as an indicator for the presence of α,β-unsaturated aldehydes. The AVs in the investigated oil samples ranged from 14.3 to 71.3 and the estimated concentration of α,β-unsaturated aldehydes was 33 μmol g⁻¹ which is higher that the internationally proposed maximum limits. The outcomes of this study show that regulations on PAHs and α,β-unsaturated aldehydes in frying oils must be established in Jordan.

摘要

本研究开发了一种高效的气相色谱-质谱检测器 (GC/MS) 方法，用于提取和定量煎炸食用油中 16 种致癌多环芳烃 PAH。该方法在 (1.00–100.0 µg kg ^-1 ) 范围内表现出令人满意的线性 ( R ² > 0.995) ，检测限为 0.0700 至 1.26 µg kg ^-1，定量限范围为 0.230 至 4.20 µg kg ^-1，回收率为71.5%～101.%。已从约旦的不同快餐店收集用过的油炸食用油样本。油样中 16 PAH 的平均值为 1.49 至 65.7 µg kg ^-1，而苯并[a]芘的浓度范围为3.08至4.09 µg kg ^-1。此外，估计了与 PAH 相关的增加的终生癌症风险 (ILCR)，范围为 1.01 × 10 ^-9至 3.33 × 10 ^-6，表明存在轻微的潜在风险。本研究的第二个目的是计算收集的煎炸油样品中的对茴香胺值 (AVs)，作为 α,β-不饱和醛存在的指标。研究的油样中的 AV 范围为 14.3 至 71.3，α,β-不饱和醛的估计浓度为 33 μmol g ^-1高于国际建议的最高限值。这项研究的结果表明，约旦必须制定有关煎炸油中多环芳烃和 α,β-不饱和醛的法规。