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Reclassification of Gonyaulax verior (Gonyaulacales, Dinophyceae) as Sourniaea diacantha gen. et comb. nov.
Phycologia ( IF 1.5 ) Pub Date : 2020-03-26 , DOI: 10.1080/00318884.2020.1735926
Wei Zhang 1 , Zhun Li 2 , Kenneth Neil Mertens 3 , Amélie Derrien 3 , Vera Pospelova 4, 5 , M. Consuelo Carbonell-Moore 6 , Siamak Bagheri 7 , Kazumi Matsuoka 8 , Hyeon Ho Shin 9 , Haifeng Gu 1, 10
Affiliation  

ABSTRACT Gonyaulax verior was initially described as Amylax diacantha from Belgian coastal waters a century ago but its detailed morphology needed restudy. Here, we established nine strains of G. verior by germinating cysts or isolating cells from localities from the European Atlantic to the Caspian Sea and the Pacific Ocean. Both cyst and thecal morphology were examined by light and scanning electron microscopy. SSU, LSU and/or ITS-5.8S rRNA gene sequences were obtained from all strains. Cells of G. verior have a plate formula of Po, 4′, 2a, 6-7′′, 6C, 6S, 6′′′, 1p, 1′′′′ with an L-type ventral organisation, characterised by two either straight or curved antapical horns of variable length. Cysts of G. verior are oval, smooth and contain one or two yellow accumulation bodies. The maximum-likelihood and Bayesian inference analyses based on SSU and LSU rRNA gene sequences revealed two clades of G. verior, referred to as ribotypes A and B. Genetic distances based on ITS-5.8S rRNA gene sequences within the same ribotype were less than 0.06, but greater than 0.32 between ribotypes. G. verior is reclassified as Sourniaea diacantha gen. et comb. nov., which is attributed to Lingulodiniaceae together with Pyxidinopsis, Lingulodinium and Amylax. Our results suggest that Lingulodiniaceae can be separated from Protoceratiaceae and Gonyaulacaceae based on ventral organisation, apical complex, ventral pore and number of anterior intercalary plates. One strain of S. diacantha was examined for yessotoxin production by LC-MS/MS but did not produce toxin.

中文翻译:

将 Gonyaulax verior (Gonyaulacales, Dinophyceae) 重新分类为 Sourniaea diacantha gen。等梳子。十一月

摘要 Gonyaulax verior 一个世纪前最初被描述为来自比利时沿海水域的 Amylax diacantha,但其详细的形态需要重新研究。在这里,我们通过从欧洲大西洋到里海和太平洋的地方发芽包囊或分离细胞,建立了九个 G. verior 菌株。通过光学和扫描电子显微镜检查囊肿和鞘形态。从所有菌株中获得 SSU、LSU 和/或 ITS-5.8S rRNA 基因序列。G. verior 的细胞具有板式 Po, 4', 2a, 6-7'', 6C, 6S, 6''', 1p, 1'''', 具有 L 型腹侧组织,其特征是两个可变长度的直角或弯曲角。G. verior 的囊肿呈椭圆形,光滑,含有一到两个黄色堆积体。基于 SSU 和 LSU rRNA 基因序列的最大似然和贝叶斯推断分析揭示了 G. verior 的两个进化枝,称为核糖型 A 和 B。基于 ITS-5.8S rRNA 基因序列的同一核糖型内的遗传距离小于0.06,但在核糖型之间大于 0.32。G. verior 被重新分类为 Sourniaea diacantha gen。等梳子。11 月,这被归于 Lingulodiniaceae 与 Pyxidinopsis、Lingulodinium 和 Amylax。我们的研究结果表明,根据腹侧组织、顶端复合体、腹侧孔和前夹板数量,可以将小舌兰科与原角藻科和 Gonyaulacaceae 区分开来。通过 LC-MS/MS 检查了一种 S. diacantha 菌株的酵母毒素产生,但没有产生毒素。称为核糖型 A 和 B。基于 ITS-5.8S rRNA 基因序列的同一核糖型内的遗传距离小于 0.06,但在核糖型之间大于 0.32。G. verior 被重新分类为 Sourniaea diacantha gen。等梳子。11 月,这被归于 Lingulodiniaceae 与 Pyxidinopsis、Lingulodinium 和 Amylax。我们的研究结果表明,根据腹侧组织、顶端复合体、腹侧孔和前夹板数量,可以将小舌兰科与原角藻科和 Gonyaulacaceae 区分开来。通过 LC-MS/MS 检查了一种 S. diacantha 菌株的酵母毒素产生,但没有产生毒素。称为核糖型 A 和 B。基于 ITS-5.8S rRNA 基因序列的同一核糖型内的遗传距离小于 0.06,但在核糖型之间大于 0.32。G. verior 被重新分类为 Sourniaea diacantha gen。等梳子。11 月,这被归于 Lingulodiniaceae 与 Pyxidinopsis、Lingulodinium 和 Amylax。我们的研究结果表明,根据腹侧组织、顶端复合体、腹侧孔和前夹板数量,可以将小舌兰科与原角藻科和 Gonyaulacaceae 区分开来。通过 LC-MS/MS 检查了一种 S. diacantha 菌株的酵母毒素产生,但没有产生毒素。等梳子。11 月,这被归于 Lingulodiniaceae 与 Pyxidinopsis、Lingulodinium 和 Amylax。我们的研究结果表明,根据腹侧组织、顶端复合体、腹侧孔和前夹板数量,可以将小舌兰科与原角藻科和 Gonyaulacaceae 区分开来。通过 LC-MS/MS 检查了一种 S. diacantha 菌株的酵母毒素产生,但没有产生毒素。等梳子。11 月,这被归于 Lingulodiniaceae 与 Pyxidinopsis、Lingulodinium 和 Amylax。我们的研究结果表明,根据腹侧组织、顶端复合体、腹侧孔和前夹板数量,可以将小舌兰科与原角藻科和 Gonyaulacaceae 区分开来。通过 LC-MS/MS 检查了一种 S. diacantha 菌株的酵母毒素产生,但没有产生毒素。
更新日期:2020-03-26
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