Executive dysfunction causes significant real-life disability for children with spina bifida (SB) and acquired brain injury (ABI), and efficient interventions are needed. Goal Management Training (GMT) is a cognitive rehabilitation intervention for improving executive function (EF) that has received empirical support in studies of adults with SB and ABI. The purpose of this study was to determine the feasibility and acceptability of a newly developed pediatric GMT protocol (pGMT). Thirteen children (7 boys, 10-16 years) with SB (n = 4), traumatic brain injury (n = 8), and encephalitis (n = 1) were included, based upon the presence of EF problems as described by parents. The participants received 21 h of pGMT, using inpatient intervention periods, followed by 4 h of pGMT outpatient guidance over 8 weeks. Notably, pGMT was found to be both feasible and acceptable, with satisfactory compliance for the children, parents and teachers, in addition to being considered acceptable by all participants. Furthermore, a reliable change in daily life EF was reported by the parents for 2 children. And, some children obtained scores below clinical cut-off on a measure of parent reported real-life EF after intervention. Hence, findings suggest that a randomized controlled trial of pGMT, with a larger sample size, should be conducted.

中文翻译：

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脊柱裂合并获得性脑损伤患儿执行功能目标管理训练的可行性和可接受性

执行功能障碍会导致脊柱裂 (SB) 和获得性脑损伤 (ABI) 儿童在现实生活中出现严重残疾，因此需要有效的干预措施。目标管理培训 (GMT) 是一种改善执行功能 (EF) 的认知康复干预措施，已在成人 SB 和 ABI 研究中得到实证支持。本研究的目的是确定新开发的儿科 GMT 协议 (pGMT) 的可行性和可接受性。根据父母描述的 EF 问题的存在，包括 13 名患有 SB (n = 4)、创伤性脑损伤 (n = 8) 和脑炎 (n = 1) 的儿童（7 名男孩，10-16 岁）。参与者接受了 21 小时的 pGMT，使用住院干预期，然后在 8 周内接受 4 小时的 pGMT 门诊指导。尤其，发现 pGMT 既可行又可接受，除了所有参与者都认为可接受之外，孩子、家长和老师都满意。此外，父母报告了 2 个孩子日常生活 EF 的可靠变化。而且，一些儿童在干预后父母报告的真实 EF 的测量中获得的分数低于临床临界值。因此，研究结果表明，应该进行更大样本量的 pGMT 随机对照试验。一些儿童在干预后父母报告的真实 EF 测量中获得的分数低于临床临界值。因此，研究结果表明，应该进行更大样本量的 pGMT 随机对照试验。一些儿童在干预后父母报告的真实 EF 测量中获得的分数低于临床临界值。因此，研究结果表明，应该进行更大样本量的 pGMT 随机对照试验。