Pronounced difficulties in functional outcomes often follow acquired brain injury (ABI), and may be due, in part, to deficits in metacognitive knowledge (being unaware of one's cognitive strengths and limitations). A meta-analytic review of the literature investigating the relationship between metacognitive knowledge and functional outcomes in ABI is timely, particularly given the presence of apparently inconsistent findings. Twenty-two articles revealed two distinct methods of measuring metacognitive knowledge: (1) absolute (the degree of inaccurate self-appraisal regardless of whether the error tends towards under- or over-confident estimations) and (2) relative (the degree and the direction of the inaccuracy) discrepancy. Separate meta-analyses were conducted for absolute and relative discrepancy studies to assess the relationship between metacognitive knowledge and functional outcomes (affect-related quality of life, family and community integration, and work outcomes). The pattern of results found suggested that better metacognitive knowledge is related to better overall functional outcomes, but the relationship may differ depending on the outcome domain. These findings generally support the importance of focusing on metacognitive knowledge to improve outcomes following ABI. Nonetheless, the relatively small effect sizes observed suggest that other predictors of functional outcome should be investigated, including other subdomains of metacognition.

中文翻译：

---

成人获得性脑损伤的元认知知识和功能结果：荟萃分析

在获得性脑损伤 (ABI) 之后，功能结果的明显困难通常是由于元认知知识的缺陷（不知道自己的认知优势和局限性）。对研究 ABI 中元认知知识与功能结果之间关系的文献进行元分析回顾是及时的，特别是考虑到存在明显不一致的发现。22 篇文章揭示了两种不同的测量元认知知识的方法：（1）绝对（不准确的自我评价的程度，无论错误是倾向于不足还是过度自信的估计）和（2）相对（程度和不准确的方向）差异。对绝对和相对差异研究进行了单独的元分析，以评估元认知知识和功能结果（与影响相关的生活质量、家庭和社区融合以及工作结果）之间的关系。发现的结果模式表明，更好的元认知知识与更好的整体功能结果相关，但这种关系可能因结果领域而异。这些发现普遍支持关注元认知知识以改善 ABI 后结果的重要性。尽管如此，观察到的相对较小的效应量表明应该研究功能结果的其他预测因素，包括元认知的其他子域。和工作成果）。发现的结果模式表明，更好的元认知知识与更好的整体功能结果相关，但这种关系可能因结果领域而异。这些发现普遍支持关注元认知知识以改善 ABI 后结果的重要性。尽管如此，观察到的相对较小的效应量表明应该研究功能结果的其他预测因素，包括元认知的其他子域。和工作成果）。发现的结果模式表明，更好的元认知知识与更好的整体功能结果相关，但这种关系可能因结果领域而异。这些发现普遍支持关注元认知知识以改善 ABI 后结果的重要性。尽管如此，观察到的相对较小的效应量表明应该研究功能结果的其他预测因素，包括元认知的其他子域。