Exposure to contaminants might directly affect organisms and alter their associated microbiota. The objective of the present study was to determine the impact of the petroleum-water-accommodated fraction (WAF) from a light crude oil (API gravity 35) on a benthic fish species native from the Gulf of Mexico (GoM). Ten adults of Achirus lineatus (Linnaeus, 1758) were exposed to a sublethal WAF/water solution of 50% v/v for 48 hr. Multiple endpoints were measured including tissue damage, presence of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) metabolites in bile and gut microbiota analyses. Atrophy and fatty degeneration were observed in livers. Nodules and inflammation were detected in spleen, and structural disintegration and atrophy in the kidney. In gills hyperplasia, aneurysm, and gills lamellar fusion were observed. PAHs metabolites concentrations in bile were significantly higher in exposed organisms. Gut microbiome taxonomic analysis showed significant shifts in bacterial structure and composition following WAF exposure. Data indicate that exposure to WAF produced toxic effects in adults of A. lineatus, as evidenced by histological alterations and dysbiosis, which might represent an impairment to long-term subsistence of exposed aquatic organisms.

中文翻译：

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衬有底油的Achirus lineatus（Chordata：Achiridae）的毒性评估和微生物群响应，这些衬里暴露于轻质石油水可吸收级分（WAF）。

接触污染物可能会直接影响生物并改变其相关的微生物群。本研究的目的是确定来自轻质原油（API重力35）的石油-水-容纳部分（WAF）对墨西哥湾（GoM）原生底栖鱼类的影响。十只无足动物的成年猫（Linnaeus，1758年）暴露于50％v / v的亚致死WAF /水溶液中48小时。测量了多个终点，包括组织损伤，胆汁和肠道菌群分析中多环芳烃（PAHs）代谢产物的存在。在肝脏中观察到萎缩和脂肪变性。在脾脏中发现了结节和炎症，在肾脏中发现了结构分解和萎缩。在g增生，动脉瘤和g层状融合中观察到。在暴露的生物中，胆汁中PAHs代谢产物的浓度显着较高。肠道微生物组分类学分析显示，暴露于WAF后细菌结构和组成发生了重大变化。数据表明，暴露于WAF会在成年曲霉的成年动物中产生毒性作用，这在组织学改变和营养不良方面得到了证明，这可能代表了对暴露的水生生物的长期生存的损害。