Abstract

Inter-individual cognitive factors have been shown to be related to the changes in affect evaluations during continuous high-intensity exercise in adolescents, but the role of cognitive factors on affect during high-intensity interval exercise (HIIE) is currently unknown. This study evaluated the influence of personality traits (behavioral activation system; BAS and behavioral inhibition system; BIS) and self-efficacy on affect, enjoyment and perceived exertion during HIIE in adolescents. Participants (n = 30; 15 boys; mean age = 12.2 ± 0.4 years; moderate to vigorous physical activity levels per day = 33 ± 12 min) were median split into low vs. high BAS/BIS and self-efficacy groups. All participants performed HIIE consisting of 8 × 1-min work-intervals at 85% of peak power separated by 75 s recovery. Affect, enjoyment, and rating of perceived exertion (RPE) were recorded 5 min before HIIE, near the end of the HIIE work intervals, and 20 min after HIIE. The high BAS/low BIS group elicited greater affect and enjoyment compared to low BAS/high BIS group during work-intervals 5–8 (all p < 0.039, all ES > 0.59) and after HIIE for post-enjoyment (all p < 0.038, all ES > 0.95). Affect and enjoyment were greater in high compared to low self-efficacy group during work-intervals 5–8 (all p < 0.048, all ES > 0.62). The BAS/BIS groups elicited similar RPE (all p > 0.10), but RPE was lower in high than low self-efficacy group at work-intervals 5–8 (all p < 0.037, ES > 0.98). Individual differences in personality and self-efficacy may influence the affective, enjoyment and RPE responses during HIIE in adolescents.

Lay summary: This study aimed to evaluate the role of personality characteristics and self-efficacy on perceptual responses (pleasure/displeasure and enjoyment) during HIIE in youth. Individual differences in personality characteristics and self-efficacy may decrease or increase the likelihood that a person will experience pleasurable feelings and enjoyment to HIIE in youth.

摘要

个体间认知因素已被证明与青少年持续高强度运动时情绪评价的变化有关，但认知因素对高强度间歇运动（HIIE）中情绪的作用目前尚不清楚。本研究评估了青少年 HIIE 期间人格特质（行为激活系统；BAS 和行为抑制系统；BIS）和自我效能感对情感、享受和感知力的影响。参与者 ( n = 30; 15个男孩；平均年龄 = 12.2 ± 0.4 岁；每天中度至剧烈的体力活动水平 = 33 ± 12 分钟）中位数分为低与高 BAS/BIS 和自我效能组。所有参与者都进行了 HIIE，包括 8 × 1 分钟的工作间隔，85% 的峰值功率，间隔 75 秒恢复。在 HIIE 前 5 分钟、HIIE 工作间隔接近结束时和 HIIE 后 20 分钟记录影响、享受和感知劳累 (RPE) 等级。与低 BAS/高 BIS 组相比，高 BAS/低 BIS 组在工作间隔 5-8 期间（所有p  < 0.039，所有 ES > 0.59）和享受后的 HIIE（所有p  < 0.038 ，所有 ES > 0.95）。在工作间隔 5-8 期间，与低自我效能组相比，高自我效能组的情感和愉悦感更高（所有p  < 0.048，所有 ES > 0.62）。BAS/BIS 组引起相似的 RPE（所有p  > 0.10），但在工作间隔 5-8 时，高自我效能组的 RPE 低于低自我效能组（所有p  < 0.037，ES > 0.98）。人格和自我效能的个体差异可能会影响青少年 HIIE 期间的情感、享受和 RPE 反应。

总结：本研究旨在评估人格特征和自我效能感对青少年 HIIE 期间知觉反应（快乐/不快乐和享受）的作用。人格特征和自我效能感的个体差异可能会降低或增加一个人在青年时期体验 HIIE 的愉悦感受和享受的可能性。