The triggering receptor expressed on myeloid cells-1 (TREM-1) is an innate immune receptor found in the surface of several immune and non-immune cells. Since its first description in 2000, this molecule and its soluble form (sTREM-1) have been implicated in many diseases with infectious and noninfectious origins. As an amplifier of inflammation, the membrane-associated TREM-1 (mTREM-1) isoform induces the production of pro-inflammatory mediators, thus contributing to the pathogenesis of diseases such as sepsis, arthritis, colitis and infections. In this context, many studies have used molecules capable of inhibiting TREM-1 activity as anti-inflammatory drugs. In this regard, a few peptides have been showing promising results in the amelioration of detrimental immune responses. Some commercially available drugs, including corticosteroids and antibiotics, with known anti-inflammatory effects, have also shown activity in TREM-1 signaling. Therefore, considering the potential of this receptor as a therapeutic target, the present review encompasses the main compounds explored so far in TREM-1 modulation, highlighting and critically discussing its effects and major drawbacks of such approaches.

髓样细胞-1（TREM-1）上表达的触发受体是先天免疫受体，存在于一些免疫和非免疫细胞的表面。自2000年首次描述以来，该分子及其可溶性形式（sTREM-1）已与许多具有传染性和非传染性起源的疾病有关。作为炎症的放大因子，与膜相关的TREM-1（mTREM-1）同工型诱导促炎性介质的产生，从而促进了败血症，关节炎，结肠炎和感染等疾病的发病机理。在这种情况下，许多研究已使用能够抑制TREM-1活性的分子作为抗炎药。在这方面，一些肽在改善有害的免疫应答中已显示出有希望的结果。一些市售药物，包括皮质类固醇和抗生素（具有已知的抗炎作用）也已显示出TREM-1信号传导活性。因此，考虑到该受体作为治疗靶标的潜力，本综述涵盖了迄今为止在TREM-1调节中探索的主要化合物，重点介绍并严格讨论了其作用和此类方法的主要缺点。