Introduction

Activation of innate immune system is a key step to develop anti-tumor immunity. Antigen-presenting dendritic cells (DCs) cross-present tumor-associated antigens to cytotoxic CD8⁺ T cells (CTLs). Signaling from pattern-recognition receptors (PRRs) in DCs is required to induce tumor-specific CTLs.

Areas covered

This review summarizes the properties of PRRs expressed by antigen-presenting DCs, especially TLR3, and provides the recent knowledge of their function in anti-tumor immunity. We also summarize the characteristics of newly-developed TLR3-specific agonist, ARNAX, which efficiently primes DCs to induce anti-tumor immunity without systemic inflammation in mice.

Expert opinion

In cancer immunotherapy, the induction of tumor-specific CTLs is significant for tumor regression and to augment the efficacy of PD-1/PD-L1 blockade. Non-inflammatory TLR3 adjuvant ARNAX that can induce tumor-specific CTLs without inducing inflammation benefits cancer immunotherapy. Development of appropriate protocols for ARNAX vaccine therapy would be useful to overcome the PD-1/PD-L1 blockade resistance.

中文翻译：

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在树突状细胞中靶向Toll样受体3进行癌症免疫治疗。

介绍

先天免疫系统的激活是发展抗肿瘤免疫力的关键步骤。抗原呈递树突状细胞（DC）将肿瘤相关抗原交叉呈递给细胞毒性CD8 ⁺ T细胞（CTL）。需要DC中来自模式识别受体（PRR）的信号来诱导肿瘤特异性CTL。

覆盖区域

这篇综述总结了抗原呈递DCs，特别是TLR3表达的PRRs的特性，并提供了其在抗肿瘤免疫中的功能的最新知识。我们还总结了新开发的TLR3特异性激动剂ARNAX的特征，该激动剂可有效引发DCs诱导抗肿瘤免疫力，而不会引起小鼠全身性炎症。

专家意见

在癌症免疫治疗中，肿瘤特异性CTL的诱导对于肿瘤消退和增强PD-1 / PD-L1阻断的功效非常重要。可以诱导肿瘤特异性CTL而又不引起炎症的非炎性TLR3佐剂ARNAX对癌症免疫治疗有益。为ARNAX疫苗疗法开发适当的协议将有助于克服PD-1 / PD-L1的抗药性。