Gödel’s ontological proof is by now well known based on the 1970 version, written in Gödel’s own hand, and Scott’s version of the proof. In this article new manuscript sources found in Gödel’s Nachlass are presented. Three versions of Gödel’s ontological proof have been transcribed, and completed from context as true to Gödel’s notes as possible. The discussion in this article is based on these new sources and reveals Gödel’s early intentions of a liberal comprehension principle for the higher order modal logic, an explicit use of second-order Barcan schemas, as well as seemingly defining a rigidity condition for the system. None of these aspects occurs explicitly in the later 1970 version, and therefore they have long been in focus of the debate on Gödel’s ontological proof.

中文翻译：

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哥德尔本体论证明的发展

哥德尔的本体论证明基于哥德尔亲笔编写的 1970 年版本和斯科特的证明版本，现已广为人知。本文介绍了在哥德尔的 Nachlass 中发现的新手稿来源。哥德尔本体论证明的三个版本已被转录，并根据哥德尔笔记尽可能真实的上下文完成。本文中的讨论基于这些新资源，揭示了哥德尔对高阶模态逻辑的自由理解原则的早期意图，明确使用二阶 Barcan 模式，以及看似为系统定义刚性条件。这些方面都没有在 1970 年后期的版本中明确出现，因此它们长期以来一直是关于哥德尔本体论证明的争论的焦点。