In this paper, a differential microfluidic sensor and comparator based on a pair of microstrip lines loaded with dumbbell-shaped defected ground structure resonators is applied to the characterization of electrolyte concentration in samples of horse urine. Since variations in the total electrolyte content in urine may be indicative of certain pathologies, the interest is to use the device as a comparator, in order to determine changes in the electrolyte concentration as compared to a reference level. To validate the approach, we have made differential measurements of a set of urine samples with different electrolyte concentrations (which have been previously obtained by means of electrochemical methods). The obtained results correlate with the nominal electrolyte concentrations of the samples, thereby pointing out the potential of the approach as a low-cost pre-screening method (or complementary diagnosis system) to detect potential pathologies or diseases in horses and other animals.

中文翻译：

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通过基于哑铃形缺陷接地结构的差分微流体传感器表征尿液样品中的电解质含量

在本文中，基于一对装有哑铃形缺陷接地结构谐振器的微带线的差分微流体传感器和比较器应用于马尿样品中电解质浓度的表征。由于尿液中总电解质含量的变化可能表明某些病状，因此感兴趣的是使用该装置作为比较器，以确定与参考水平相比电解质浓度的变化。为了验证该方法，我们对一组具有不同电解质浓度的尿液样本进行了差异测量（之前已通过电化学方法获得）。获得的结果与样品的标称电解质浓度相关，