In the present study, a new method for a decision-support system for fungicide administration against the pathogen Botrytis cinerea in vineyards was developed based on Integrated Pest Management principles which identified an infection risk before the appearance of disease symptoms. The proposed method is based on the combination of (i) the phenological observations of the main susceptible stages to infection, (ii) the airborne spores monitoring, (iii) the forecasting of the suitable meteorological conditions for B. cinerea spore germination during the subsequent 4–6 days after the spore detection. Aerobiological, phenological and meteorological analyses were carried out using data from 2008 to 2015 in a vineyard of Northwestern Spain. Aerobiological spore data were obtained using a Lanzoni VPPS-2000 pollen-spore trap. Phenological observations were conducted on 22 plants of Treixadura cultivar following the BBCH (Biologische Bundesanstalt für Land und Forstwirtschaft, Bundessortenamt und CHemische Industrie) scale. The Magarey generic fungal model was applied for the identification of the main meteorological suitable periods for infection within the susceptible phenological stages of flowering and ripening of berries. Our results showed that climatic conditions favoured fungal development during flowering, although a higher incidence of B. cinerea infection risk-periods occurred during the prior-to-harvest stage of ripening of berries, the most susceptible phenological stage to B. cinerea infection obtained by the proposed methodology. This approach enables more precise targeting in pesticide spraying and reduction in pesticide application from 4–5 to 2–3 times per year at our commercial study. It also illustrates the real-world benefits of integrated disease risk modelling.

中文翻译：

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基于物候、天气条件和空气分生孢子的葡萄灰霉病主要风险期识别与评价

在本研究中，一种针对病原体的杀菌剂给药决策支持系统的新方法灰霉病菌in vineyards 是根据综合害虫管理原则开发的，该原则在疾病症状出现之前就确定了感染风险。所提出的方法是基于 (i) 对感染的主要易感阶段的物候观察，(ii) 空气传播孢子监测，(iii) 预测适宜的气象条件B. cinerea孢子检测后 4-6 天内孢子萌发。使用 2008 年至 2015 年西班牙西北部葡萄园的数据进行了空气生物学、物候学和气象学分析。使用 Lanzoni VPPS-2000 花粉-孢子捕集器获得好氧孢子数据。按照 BBCH（Biologische Bundesanstalt für Land und Forstwirtschaft，Bundessortenamt und CHemische Industrie）规模，对 Treixadura 品种的 22 株植物进行物候观察。应用 Magarey 通用真菌模型确定在浆果开花和成熟的易感物候阶段内感染的主要气象适宜期。我们的研究结果表明，气候条件有利于开花期间真菌的发育，尽管发生率较高B. cinerea感染风险期发生在浆果成熟的收获前阶段，这是最易感染的物候阶段。B. cinerea通过建议的方法获得的感染。在我们的商业研究中，这种方法可以实现更精确的农药喷洒目标，并将农药施用量从每年 4-5 次减少到 2-3 次。它还说明了综合疾病风险建模的实际益处。