Large ground-dwelling Neotropical gamebirds are highly threatened by habitat loss and hunting, but conservationists rarely attempt to distinguish between these two threats in the management of populations. We used three different types of species records to determine the status (i.e. persistence level) of the Endangered red-billed curassow Crax blumenbachii in 14 forest remnants in north-east Brazil, as either persistent, precarious or extirpated. We related these persistence levels to variables measured in a 2-km buffer radius, including variables associated with habitat quality (proportion of forest cover, length of rivers, patch density, distance from rivers) and hunting pressure (proportion of cacao agroforests and farmlands, length of roads, total area occupied by settlements, distance from roads and from settlements). Curassows were more persistent in forest patches located (1) more distant from settlements, (2) in landscapes with few settlements, (3) in landscapes with a high incidence of roads, (4) in a mosaic with a high proportion of forest, shaded cacao agroforest and farmland, and (5) more distant from other forest patches. Hunting pressure potentially exerts more influence on persistence than habitat quality: (1) hunting pressure submodels had a higher explanatory power than habitat quality submodels, (2) final models comprised four hunting pressure variables but only two habitat quality variables, and (3) hunting pressure variables appeared in all models whereas habitat quality variables appeared in only one final model. If hunting pressure is driving declines in curassows, regions with low human presence and a high proportion of forest cover are recommended for establishing new reserves.

中文翻译：

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哪个对红嘴锦鸡更不利：栖息地丧失还是狩猎压力？

大型陆栖新热带猎鸟受到栖息地丧失和狩猎的高度威胁，但保护主义者很少尝试在种群管理中区分这两种威胁。我们使用了三种不同类型的物种记录来确定濒临灭绝的红嘴锦鸡的状态（即持久性水平）鹅掌楸在巴西东北部的 14 个森林遗迹中，无论是持久的、不稳定的还是已灭绝的。我们将这些持久性水平与在 2 公里缓冲半径内测量的变量联系起来，包括与栖息地质量相关的变量（森林覆盖率、河流长度、斑块密度、与河流的距离）和狩猎压力（可可农林和农田的比例，道路长度、定居点总面积、与道路和定居点的距离）。Curassows 在位于 (1) 远离定居点的森林斑块中更持久，(2) 在定居点很少的景观中，(3) 在道路发生率高的景观中，(4) 在具有高比例森林的马赛克中，遮荫的可可农林和农田，以及 (5) 远离其他森林斑块。狩猎压力对持久性的影响可能比栖息地质量更大：（1）狩猎压力子模型比栖息地质量子模型具有更高的解释力，（2）最终模型包含四个狩猎压力变量但只有两个栖息地质量变量，以及（3）狩猎压力变量出现在所有模型中，而栖息地质量变量只出现在一个最终模型中。如果狩猎压力导致螳螂数量下降，则建议在人类数量少且森林覆盖率高的地区建立新的保护区。(3) 狩猎压力变量出现在所有模型中，而栖息地质量变量仅出现在一个最终模型中。如果狩猎压力导致螳螂数量下降，则建议在人类数量少且森林覆盖率高的地区建立新的保护区。(3) 狩猎压力变量出现在所有模型中，而栖息地质量变量仅出现在一个最终模型中。如果狩猎压力导致螳螂数量下降，则建议在人类数量少且森林覆盖率高的地区建立新的保护区。