Livestock depredation by large carnivores is a global conservation challenge, and mitigation measures to reduce livestock losses are crucial for the coexistence of large carnivores and people. Various measures are employed to reduce livestock depredation but their effectiveness has rarely been tested. In this study, we tested the effectiveness of tall fences to reduce livestock losses to snow leopards Panthera uncia and wolves Canis lupus at night-time corrals at the winter camps of livestock herders in the Tost Mountains in southern Mongolia. Self-reported livestock losses at the fenced corrals were reduced from a mean loss of 3.9 goats and sheep per family and winter prior to the study to zero losses in the two winters of the study. In contrast, self-reported livestock losses in winter pastures, and during the rest of the year, when herders used different camps, remained high, which indicates that livestock losses were reduced because of the fences, not because of temporal variation in predation pressure. Herder attitudes towards snow leopards were positive and remained positive during the study, whereas attitudes towards wolves, which attacked livestock also in summer when herders moved out on the steppes, were negative and worsened during the study. This study showed that tall fences can be very effective at reducing night-time losses at corrals and we conclude that fences can be an important tool for snow leopard conservation and for facilitating the coexistence of snow leopards and people.

中文翻译：

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将掠食者拒之门外：测试围栏以减少夜间畜栏的牲畜掠夺

大型食肉动物对牲畜的掠夺是一项全球性的保护挑战，减少牲畜损失的缓解措施对于大型食肉动物和人类的共存至关重要。采取了各种措施来减少牲畜掠夺，但它们的有效性很少得到测试。在这项研究中，我们测试了高围栏在减少牲畜对雪豹损失方面的有效性黑豹和狼犬狼疮蒙古南部托斯特山脉牧民冬季营地的夜间畜栏。围栏围栏中自我报告的牲畜损失从研究前每个家庭和冬季平均损失 3.9 头山羊和绵羊减少到研究的两个冬季的零损失。相比之下，自我报告的冬季牧场的牲畜损失，以及在一年中的其余时间，当牧民使用不同的营地时，牲畜损失仍然很高，这表明牲畜损失减少是因为围栏，而不是因为捕食压力的时间变化。牧民对雪豹的态度是积极的，并且在研究期间保持积极态度，而对狼的态度（在夏季牧民迁出草原时也会袭击牲畜）的态度是消极的，并且在研究期间恶化。