The spleen is considered a key player in birds’ immunity. The stroma and the parenchyma of the spleen of the adult quail were demonstrated histologically, histochemically, and ultrastructurally. A thin capsule and the absence of trabeculae were the most characteristics of spleen stroma. The demarcation between white pulp and red pulp was not observed in the quail. White pulp formed from the periarterial lymphatic sheath and the periellipsoidal lymphatic sheath, both of which were surrounded by arteriole and ellipsoid, respectively. Ellipsoids appeared more numerous and were characterized by cuboidal lining of the epithelium and supporting cells. Red pulp consisted of sinuses and cords. White pulp and red pulp of the quail spleen contained various cells, such as red blood cells, macrophages, heterophils with characteristic granules, lymphocytes of different sizes, dendritic cells, plasma cells, and telocytes. In addition, closed circulation and open circulation established the blood flow on the spleen.

中文翻译：

---

日本鹌鹑 (Coturnix japonica) 脾脏的结构和细胞组成

脾脏被认为是鸟类免疫的关键因素。成年鹌鹑脾脏的基质和实质在组织学、组织化学和超微结构上得到证实。较薄的包膜和无小梁是脾间质的最大特征。在鹌鹑中没有观察到白浆和红浆之间的界限。白髓由动脉周围淋巴鞘和椭球周围淋巴鞘形成，两者分别被小动脉和椭球包围。椭球出现更多，其特征在于上皮和支持细胞的立方衬里。红髓由鼻窦和绳索组成。鹌鹑脾的白髓和红髓中含有各种细胞，如红细胞、巨噬细胞、具有特征性颗粒的嗜异性细胞、不同大小的淋巴细胞、树突状细胞、浆细胞和端粒细胞。此外，闭合循环和开放循环建立了脾脏的血流。