The present study assessed the prevalence of vitamin D deficiency in an urban south Indian population in individuals with different grades of glucose tolerance. A total of 1500 individuals (900 normal glucose tolerance (NGT), 300 prediabetes and 300 with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM)) who were not on vitamin D supplementation were randomly selected from the Chennai Urban Rural Epidemiological Study follow-up study. Anthropometric, clinical examination and biochemical investigations (25-hydroxyvitamin D (25(OH)D), insulin, glycated Hb (HbA1c) and serum lipids) were measured. Vitamin D deficiency was defined as serum 25(OH)D < 20·0 ng/ml, insufficiency as 20–29·9 ng/ml and sufficiency as ≥30 ng/ml. Of the 1500 individuals studied, 45 % were males and the mean age was 46 (sd12) years. Vitamin D levels lowered with increasing degrees of glucose tolerance (NGT: 21 (sd11); prediabetes: 19 (sd10); T2DM: 18 (sd11) ng/ml,P< 0·001). The overall prevalence of vitamin D deficiency was 55 % and was significantly higher among individuals with T2DM (63 %) followed by prediabetes (58 %) and NGT (51 %) (Pfor trend< 0·001). Women had 1·6 times the risk of vitamin D deficiency compared with men (unadjusted OR 1·6 (95 % CI 1·3, 2·0) and adjusted OR 1·6 (95 % CI 1·2, 1·9)). However, there was no increasing trend observed with increasing age. The prevalence of abdominal obesity (66v. 49 %), generalised obesity (80v. 64 %), the metabolic syndrome (45v. 37 %) and insulin resistance (38v. 27 %) was significantly higher in those with vitamin D deficiency compared with those without. This study shows that vitamin D deficiency is highly prevalent in this urban south Indian population and was higher among individuals with T2DM and prediabetes compared with those with NGT.

中文翻译：

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具有不同葡萄糖耐量等级的南印度城市人维生素 D 缺乏症的患病率

本研究评估了具有不同葡萄糖耐量等级的南印度城市人口中维生素 D 缺乏症的患病率。从钦奈城乡流行病学研究随访研究中随机选择了 1500 名未补充维生素 D 的个体（900 名正常葡萄糖耐量 (NGT)、300 名糖尿病前期和 300 名患有 2 型糖尿病 (T2DM)）。测量了人体测量学、临床检查和生化研究（25-羟基维生素 D (25(OH)D)、胰岛素、糖化 Hb (HbA1c) 和血脂）。维生素 D 缺乏定义为血清 25(OH)D < 20·0 ng/ml，不足为 20-29·9 ng/ml，充足为≥30 ng/ml。在研究的 1500 人中，45% 为男性，平均年龄为 46 岁（sd12年。维生素 D 水平随着葡萄糖耐量的增加而降低（NGT：21（sd11); 糖尿病前期：19（sd10); T2DM：18（sd11) 纳克/毫升，磷< 0·001)。维生素 D 缺乏症的总体患病率为 55 %，在 T2DM (63 %) 个体中显着较高，其次是前驱糖尿病 (58 %) 和 NGT (51 %) (磷趋势< 0·001)。与男性相比，女性发生维生素 D 缺乏症的风险是男性的 1·6 倍（未调整的 OR 1·6 (95 % CI 1·3, 2·0) 和调整后的 OR 1·6 (95 % CI 1·2, 1·9 ））。然而，随着年龄的增长，没有观察到增加的趋势。腹部肥胖的患病率（66v. 49 %），全身性肥胖（80v. 64 %)，代谢综合征 (45v. 37 %) 和胰岛素抵抗 (38v. 27 %) 与维生素 D 缺乏者相比显着更高。这项研究表明，维生素 D 缺乏症在印度南部城市人口中非常普遍，并且与 NGT 患者相比，T2DM 和糖尿病前期患者的维生素 D 缺乏症更为普遍。