Radar sounding is a powerful geophysical approach for characterizing the subsurface conditions of terrestrial and planetary ice masses at local to global scales. As a result, a wide array of orbital, airborne, ground-based, and in situ instruments, platforms and data analysis approaches for radioglaciology have been developed, applied or proposed. Terrestrially, airborne radar sounding has been used in glaciology to observe ice thickness, basal topography and englacial layers for five decades. More recently, radar sounding data have also been exploited to estimate the extent and configuration of subglacial water, the geometry of subglacial bedforms and the subglacial and englacial thermal states of ice sheets. Planetary radar sounders have observed, or are planned to observe, the subsurfaces and near-surfaces of Mars, Earth's Moon, comets and the icy moons of Jupiter. In this review paper, and the thematic issue of the Annals of Glaciology on ‘Five decades of radioglaciology’ to which it belongs, we present recent advances in the fields of radar systems, missions, signal processing, data analysis, modeling and scientific interpretation. Our review presents progress in these fields since the last radio-glaciological Annals of Glaciology issue of 2014, the context of their history and future prospects.

中文翻译：

---

五年的放射冰川学

雷达探测是一种强大的地球物理方法，用于在本地到全球范围内表征陆地和行星冰团的地下条件。因此，已经开发、应用或提出了一系列用于放射冰川学的轨道、机载、地面和原位仪器、平台和数据分析方法。在陆地上，机载雷达探测已在冰川学中用于观察冰层厚度、基底地形和冰川层 5 年。最近，雷达探测数据也被用来估计冰下水的范围和配置、冰下床型的几何形状以及冰盖的冰下和冰期热状态。行星雷达探测仪已经观测到或计划观测火星、地球的月球的地下和近地表，彗星和木星的冰冷卫星。在这篇评论文章中，以及冰川学年鉴关于它所属的“五十年的放射冰川学”，我们介绍了雷达系统、任务、信号处理、数据分析、建模和科学解释领域的最新进展。我们的回顾介绍了自上次无线电冰川学以来这些领域的进展冰川学年鉴2014 年的问题，他们的历史和未来前景的背景。