Organic grain producers are interested in interseeding cover crops into corn (Zea mays L.) in regions that have a narrow growing season window for post-harvest establishment of cover crops. A field experiment was replicated across 2 years on three commercial organic farms in Pennsylvania to compare the effects of drill- and broadcast-interseeding to standard grower practices, which included post-harvest seeding cereal rye (Secale cereale L.) at the more southern location and winter fallow at the more northern locations. Drill- and broadcast-interseeding treatments occurred just after last cultivation and used a cover crop mixture of annual ryegrass [Lolium perenne L. ssp. multiflorum (Lam.) Husnot] + orchardgrass (Dactylis glomerata L.) + forage radish (Raphanus sativus L. ssp. longipinnatus). Higher mean fall cover crop biomass and forage radish abundance (% of total) was observed in drill-interseeding treatments compared with broadcast-interseeding. However, corn grain yield and weed suppression and N retention in late-fall and spring were similar among interseeding treatments, which suggests that broadcast-interseeding at last cultivation has the potential to produce similar production and conservation benefits at lower labor and equipment costs in organic systems. Post-harvest seeding cereal rye resulted in greater spring biomass production and N retention compared with interseeded cover crops at the southern location, whereas variable interseeding establishment success and dominance of winter-killed forage radish produced conditions that increased the likelihood of N loss at more northern locations. Additional research is needed to contrast conservation benefits and management tradeoffs between interseeding and post-harvest establishment methods.

中文翻译：

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播种和播种方法影响有机玉米间种覆盖作物的性能

有机谷物生产者有兴趣将覆盖作物播种到玉米中（玉米L.) 在收获后建立覆盖作物的生长季节窗口狭窄的地区。在宾夕法尼亚州的三个商业有机农场进行了为期 2 年的田间试验，以比较播种间播与标准种植者做法的效果，其中包括收获后播种谷物黑麦（黑麦L.) 在更南的位置和冬季休耕在更北的位置。播种间播处理在最后一次种植后进行，并使用一年生黑麦草的覆盖作物混合物[黑麦草L. ssp。何首乌(Lam.) Husnot] + orchardgrass (肾小球藻L.) + 饲料萝卜 (萝卜L. ssp。长尾鱼）。与播种间播相比，在播种间播处理中观察到较高的秋季覆盖作物平均生物量和草料萝卜丰度（占总数的百分比）。然而，间播处理在晚秋和春季的玉米籽粒产量和杂草抑制和氮保留相似，这表明最后一次播种间播具有在有机农业中以较低的劳动力和设备成本产生相似的生产和保护效益的潜力。系统。与南部地区的间种覆盖作物相比，收获后播种谷物黑麦导致春季生物量产量和氮保留量更大，而不同的间种建立成功和冬季杀死的牧草萝卜的优势产生了增加北部地区氮损失可能性的条件地点。