SummaryAs island ecosystems are among the most critical breeding habitats for seabirds, their protection should enhance population viability for many species. The Peruvian Diving-petrel Pelecanoides garnotii breeds only in Chile and Perú, is an endangered seabird with historically large populations of over 100,000 breeding pairs, but fewer than 1,000 remained in the 1980s and it became the first endangered seabird of the Humboldt Current System. In Chile, they breed on five islands, three of which are legally protected, but only two have a management plan. Between 2010 and 2014, we evaluated the density of nests, burrow occupancy, and colony patch sizes on the islands to estimate the breeding population. The population trend was assessed by compiling historical data available in the literature and several unpublished technical reports. The current breeding population size in Chile was ∼12,500 breeding pairs (95% CI: 10,613–14,676 pairs) that is ∼34% of the breeding pairs reported for Peru (∼36,450 pairs). Choros Island, the only island with adequate protection, accounted for ∼95% of the total breeding population of the Peruvian Diving-petrel in Chile. Historical population trends showed a significant increase in breeding pairs during recent years on Choros Island. It seems that the adequate legal protection of Choros Island is leading to the recovery of Peruvian Diving-petrels, demonstrating that protection of breeding colonies remains an essential strategy for the conservation of endemic seabirds.

中文翻译：

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秘鲁潜水海燕 Pelecanoides garnotii 在智利的繁殖丰度和种群趋势：濒临灭绝的海鸟的恢复？

摘要由于岛屿生态系统是海鸟最重要的繁殖栖息地之一，因此对它们的保护应能提高许多物种的种群生存能力。秘鲁潜水海燕鹈鹕仅在智利和秘鲁繁殖，是一种濒临灭绝的海鸟，历史上拥有超过 100,000 对繁殖对，但在 1980 年代仅剩不到 1,000 只，它成为洪堡海流系统的第一只濒临灭绝的海鸟。在智利，它们在五个岛屿上繁殖，其中三个受到法律保护，但只有两个有管理计划。在 2010 年至 2014 年间，我们评估了岛屿上的巢穴密度、洞穴占有率和殖民地斑块大小，以估计繁殖种群。通过汇编文献中可用的历史数据和几份未发表的技术报告来评估人口趋势。智利目前的繁殖种群规模为～12,500 对（95% CI：10,613-14,676 对），占秘鲁报告的繁殖对（～36,450 对）的～34%。乔罗斯岛，唯一得到充分保护的岛屿，占智利秘鲁潜水海燕总繁殖种群的95%。历史种群趋势显示，近年来乔罗斯岛的繁殖对显着增加。似乎对乔罗斯岛的充分法律保护正在导致秘鲁潜水海燕的恢复，这表明保护繁殖地仍然是保护地方性海鸟的基本策略。