Generation of ion electrochemical potential differences by primary active transport can involve energy inputs from light, from exergonic redox reactions and from exergonic ATP hydrolysis. These electrochemical potential differences are important for homoeostasis, for signalling, and for energizing nutrient influx. The three main ions involved are H+, Na+(efflux) and Cl−(influx). In prokaryotes, fluxes of all three of these ions are energized by ion-pumping rhodopsins, with one archaeal rhodopsin pumping H+intothe cells; among eukaryotes there is also an H+influx rhodopsin inAcetabulariaand (probably) H+efflux in diatoms. Bacteriochlorophyll-based photoreactions export H+from the cytosol in some anoxygenic photosynthetic bacteria, but chlorophyll-based photoreactions in marine cyanobacteria do not lead to export of H+. Exergonic redox reactions export H+and Na+in photosynthetic bacteria, and possibly H+in eukaryotic algae. P-type H+- and/or Na+-ATPases occur in almost all of the photosynthetic marine organisms examined. P-type H+-efflux ATPases occur in charophycean marine algae and flowering plants whereas P-type Na+-ATPases predominate in other marine green algae and non-green algae, possibly with H+-ATPases in some cases. An F-type Cl−-ATPase is known to occur inAcetabularia. Some assignments, on the basis of genomic evidence, of P-type ATPases to H+or Na+as the pumped ion are inconclusive.

中文翻译：

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激发海洋光合生物的质膜：初级主动运输的作用

通过初级主动传输产生的离子电化学势差可能涉及来自光、来自放能氧化还原反应和来自放能 ATP 水解的能量输入。这些电化学电位差对于稳态、信号传导和促进营养物质流入很重要。涉及的三个主要离子是 H+, 钠+（流出）和 Cl-（涌入）。在原核生物中，所有这三种离子的通量都由离子泵视紫红质激发，其中一种古细菌视紫红质泵送 H+进入细胞；在真核生物中也有一个 H+流入视紫红质髋臼和（可能）H+硅藻中的流出物。基于细菌叶绿素的光反应输出 H+来自一些无氧光合细菌的细胞质，但海洋蓝藻中基于叶绿素的光反应不会导致 H 的输出+. Exergonic 氧化还原反应输出 H+和钠+在光合细菌中，可能还有 H+在真核藻类中。P型H+- 和/或 Na+-ATP酶存在于几乎所有检查的光合海洋生物中。P型H+- 外排 ATP 酶存在于轮藻海藻和开花植物中，而 P 型 Na+-ATP酶在其他海洋绿藻和非绿藻中占主导地位，可能与H+-ATP酶在某些情况下。F型Cl--已知ATP酶发生在髋臼. 根据基因组证据，将 P 型 ATP 酶分配给 H+或钠+因为泵送的离子是不确定的。