Deinotheriidae Bonaparte, 1845 is a family of browsing proboscideans that were widespread in the Old World during the Neogene. From Miocene deposits in the Indian subcontinent, deinotheres are known largely from dental remains. Both large and small species have been described from the region. Previously, only small deinothere species have been identified from Kutch in western India. In the fossiliferous Tapar beds in Kutch, dental remains have been referred to the small species Deinotherium sindiense Lydekker, 1880, but the specimens are too fragmentary to be systematically diagnostic. Here, we describe a large p4 of a deinothere from the Tapar beds and demonstrate that it is morphologically most similar to Deinotherium indicum Falconer, 1845, a large species of deinothere, thereby confirming the identity of deinotheres at Tapar. Deinotherium indicum from Tapar is larger than other deinotheres identified from Kutch and is the first occurrence of the species in the region. This new specimen helps constrain the age of the Tapar beds to the Tortonian and increases the biogeographic range of this species—hitherto only known from two localities on the subcontinent. This specimen also highlights the morphological diversity of South Asian deinothere p4s and allows us to reassess dental apomorphies used to delimit Indian deinothere species. Lastly, we argue that by the late Miocene, small deinotheres in Kutch were replaced by the large Deinotherium indicum.

中文翻译：

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来自印度库奇晚中新世的第一个 Deinotherium indicum（哺乳动物、长鼻目、恐兽科）标本

Deinotheriidae Bonaparte, 1845 是新近纪时期在旧大陆广泛分布的一种食性长鼻类动物。在印度次大陆的中新世沉积物中，恐兽主要来自牙齿遗骸。该地区已经描述了大型和小型物种。此前，仅从印度西部的 Kutch 发现了小型的恐鸟物种。在 Kutch 的化石塔帕尔床中，牙齿遗骸被称为小物种柞龙Lydekker, 1880，但标本太零碎，无法进行系统诊断。在这里，我们描述了来自 Tapar 床的一个大 p4 的 deinothere，并证明它在形态上最类似于恐毛龙Falconer，1845 年，一种大型的恐鸟，从而确认了塔帕的恐鸟的身份。恐毛龙来自Tapar的比从Kutch发现的其他deinotheres更大，是该地区第一次出现的物种。这个新标本有助于将 Tapar 床的年龄限制在 Tortonian 并增加该物种的生物地理范围——迄今为止仅在次大陆的两个地方知道。该标本还突出了南亚 deinothere p4s 的形态多样性，并允许我们重新评估用于划定印度 deinthere 物种的牙齿变形。最后，我们认为，到中新世晚期，Kutch 的小型恐鸟被大型恐毛龙.