Plant-derived compounds can be an environmentally friendly alternative to synthetic pesticide use for pest management. Essential oils (EOs) in several plant families have been found to be toxic to various pest species of insects through topical application, ingestion, and as fumigants. Previous studies revealed that, among various environmentally friendly insecticides, the EOs of Baccharis dracunculifolia and Pinus elliottii and an ethanol extract of Solanum granulosoleprosum plus Ricinus communis, were toxic to Ceratitis capitata and Anastrepha fraterculus (Diptera: Tephritidae) when applied topically to pupae or when ingested by adults. Here, we aimed to examine the potentially toxic effects of these plant-derived compounds when these two pestiferous fruit fly species were exposed to their vapors. We also examined their fumigant effect on female fecundity and fertility and compared it with water and ethanol controls. Exposure of C. capitata and A. fraterculus sexually mature adults to volatiles and vapors of both B. dracunculifolia and P. elliottii EOs resulted in lower longevity (half-life), survivorship, and female fecundity than the water vapor control. Toxicity of C. capitata was greater for P. elliottii than for B. dracunculifolia while the reverse was true for A. fraterculus. Exposure to vapors of S. granulosoleprosum + R. communis (S + R) had no effect on longevity but reduced survivorship of adults of both species. Interestingly, exposure to vapors of S + R, 50% (v/v) and pure ethanol resulted in greater fecundity of females of both frugivorous fly species than the water control. By contrast, fertility (% egg hatch) was in all cases high (>85%) and not different than the water control. Exposure to ethanol vapors appears to have similar effects on frugivorous tephritids as those reported on saprophagous and frugivorous species of Drosophila, a novel finding that may have important practical implications.

中文翻译：

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接触精油和乙醇蒸气会影响两种食果果蝇（双翅目：实蝇科）害虫的繁殖力和存活率

植物衍生的化合物可以作为合成杀虫剂用于害虫管理的环保替代品。已发现几个植物科的精油 (EO) 通过局部施用、摄入和作为熏蒸剂对各种害虫种类有毒。以往的研究表明，在各种环境友好型杀虫剂中，酒石榴和湿地松和乙醇提取物龙葵加蓖麻, 对头孢菌素和实蝇（双翅目：Tephritidae）局部施用于蛹或被成虫摄入时。在这里，我们旨在研究当这两种有害果蝇物种暴露于其蒸气时这些植物衍生化合物的潜在毒性作用。我们还检查了它们对女性生殖力和生育力的熏蒸作用，并将其与水和乙醇对照进行了比较。的接触C.capita和A. fraterculus性成熟的成年人对两者的挥发物和蒸气B. dracunculifolia和P. elliottii与水蒸气控制相比，EO 导致较低的寿命（半衰期）、存活率和女性生育能力。毒性C.capita更大的P. elliottii比B. dracunculifolia反之亦然A. fraterculus。暴露于蒸气S. granulosoleprosum + R.communis(S + R) 对寿命没有影响，但会降低这两个物种的成虫的存活率。有趣的是，与水对照相比，暴露于 S + R、50% (v/v) 和纯乙醇的蒸汽导致两种食果蝇的雌性繁殖力更强。相比之下，在所有情况下，受精率（孵化百分比）都很高（>85%），与水对照没有什么不同。暴露于乙醇蒸气似乎对食果性节肢动物的影响与报道的对腐食性和食果性果蝇，一个可能具有重要实际意义的新发现。