Abstract

Adverse drug reactions represent a major public health problem, both from an economic point of view and, mainly, from the point of view of the induced pathology (iatrogenic diseases), being difficult to differentiate from other pathological conditions or even from the treated disease. Thus, these aspects prevent the use of the first-choice drugs needed for a particular treatment, in different therapeutic classes: beta-lactam antibiotics; sulfonamides; macrolide antibiotics; quinolones; non-steroidal anti-inflammatories; corticosteroids; Angiotensin converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitors; general anesthetics; biological drugs; antiepileptic drugs etc. On the other hand, adverse drug reactions represent a major problem for both clinical practice and preclinical research, in order to develop new drugs. Hypersensitivity reactions mainly refer to the adverse effects that can be harmful, disturbing, and sometimes fatal, that appear under the conditions of a normal immune system, including allergies and autoimmune reactions, both triggered by an immunological-allergic mechanism. The main purpose of this paper is to review the main classes of drugs involved in inducing hypersensitivity reactions.

摘要

药物不良反应代表了一个重大的公共卫生问题，无论是从经济角度还是主要从诱发病理（医源性疾病）的角度来看，都难以与其他病理状况甚至治疗疾病区分开来。因此，这些方面阻止了在不同治疗类别中使用特定治疗所需的首选药物：β-内酰胺抗生素；磺胺类药物；大环内酯类抗生素；喹诺酮类药物；非甾体抗炎药；皮质类固醇；血管紧张素转换酶 (ACE) 抑制剂；全身麻醉剂；生物药物；抗癫痫药等。 另一方面，为了开发新药，药物不良反应是临床实践和临床前研究的主要问题。超敏反应主要是指在正常免疫系统条件下出现的有害、令人不安甚至有时是致命的不良反应，包括过敏和自身免疫反应，两者均由免疫过敏机制引发。本文的主要目的是回顾与诱发超敏反应有关的主要药物类别。