Abstract The present work summarizes important new information and results focused on powdery mildew occurring on the genus Lactuca from a growing body, including long-term research. This plant genus is host to at least three biologically and ecologically different genera of powdery mildew: Golovinomyces (U. Braun) Heluta, Podosphaera Kunze, and Leveillula G. Arnaud. The taxonomy, distribution, morphology, and biology of Golovinomyces bolayi, Podosphaera xanthii, Leveillula lactucae-serriolae, and L. lactucarum are also discussed, along with the threat they pose to Lactuca spp., as well as methods of control. A deeper understanding has only been obtained in the Lactuca spp. – Golovinomyces bolayi pathosystem. The results of 20 years of study into the occurrence of G. bolayi in wild L. serriola populations in the Czech Republic found that the percentage of L. serriola populations infected by G. bolayi (disease incidence) varied considerably between 29 and 75.2% over the reporting period. Although this powdery mildew appears to prefer warmer temperatures (about 20 °C) and lower precipitation, it is hard to discern a direct relationship between meteorological data and disease occurrence. Study of the pathogenic variability of G. bolayi isolates from the Czech Republic between 2008 and 2017 (on a unified and stable differential set of 13 genotypes of genus Lactuca spp.) confirmed that G. bolayi isolates represented different combinations of reaction patterns on the Lactuca spp. differential set. However, isolates virulent on all 13 genotypes (i.e. super-race) were recorded very sporadically. Moving forward, studies of the mechanisms and genetics of resistance are greatly needed.

中文翻译：

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Lactuca 物种上的白粉病——宿主-病原体相互作用的复杂观点

摘要 目前的工作总结了重要的新信息和结果，重点是从生长中的莴苣属上发生的白粉病，包括长期研究。该植物属是至少三个在生物学和生态上不同的白粉病属的宿主：Golovinomyces (U. Braun) Heluta、Podosphaera Kunze 和 Leveillula G. Arnaud。还讨论了 Golovinomyces bolayi、Podosphaera xanthii、Leveillula lactucae-serriolae 和 L. lactucarum 的分类、分布、形态和生物学，以及它们对 Lactuca spp. 构成的威胁，以及控制方法。仅在 Lactuca spp 中获得了更深入的了解。– Golovinomyces bolayi 病理系统。G. bolayi在野生L.中发生的20年研究结果。捷克共和国的 serriola 种群发现，在报告期内，被 G. bolayi（疾病发生率）感染的 L. serriola 种群的百分比差异很大，在 29% 到 75.2% 之间。尽管这种白粉病似乎更喜欢温暖的温度（约 20 °C）和较少的降水，但很难辨别气象数据与疾病发生之间的直接关系。对 2008 年至 2017 年间捷克共和国 G. bolayi 分离株的致病变异性研究（在统一且稳定的 Lactuca 属 13 种基因型差异集上）证实 G. bolayi 分离株代表了 Lactuca 上反应模式的不同组合属 差分集。然而，对所有 13 种基因型（即超级种族）均具有毒性的分离株的记录非常零星。向前进，