ABSTRACT Phenanthrene is a toxic and mutagenic pollutant that can cause severe environmental and human health issues. The bioremediation of these polyaromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) is possible with a biosurfactant by enhancing hydrophobicity. In this study, the production of a biosurfactant by Bacillus pumilus 1529 and its effects on the phenanthrene biodegradation pathway were examined. Biosurfactant production was determined using hemolytic activity, emulsification index, and surface tension. For phenanthrene metabolite detection, samples at 0, 7, 14, and 21 incubation days were analysed by gas chromatography-mass (GC-mass) spectrometry. The results showed that Bacillus pumilus 1529 can reduce surface tension to 22.83 ± 1.1 mN m−1. Furthermore, the GC-mass spectrometry analysis showed that 1-hydroxy-2-naphthoic acid, benzaldehyde, o-phthalic acid, and phenylacetic acid were notable phenanthrene metabolites produced during phenanthrene biodegradation. Biodegraded phenanthrene and its metabolites have a less toxic effect on the germination of safflower seeds than non-biodegraded phenanthrene. The IC50 of phenanthrene on seed germination after biodegradation was increased to approximately 113 mg L−1. In general, biodegradation aided by biosurfactant producing bacteria contributed to turning the toxic phenanthrene into less harmful metabolites with lower phytotoxicity effects, indicating that its application in the bioremediation of PAHs is promising.

中文翻译：

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产生生物表面活性剂的短小芽孢杆菌 1529 细菌对菲的生物降解和植物毒性评估

摘要 菲是一种有毒和致突变的污染物，会导致严重的环境和人类健康问题。通过增强疏水性，使用生物表面活性剂可以对这些多环芳烃 (PAH) 进行生物修复。在这项研究中，研究了短小芽孢杆菌 1529 生产生物表面活性剂及其对菲生物降解途径的影响。使用溶血活性、乳化指数和表面张力确定生物表面活性剂的产量。对于菲代谢物检测，在第 0、7、14 和 21 个孵育天的样品通过气相色谱-质谱 (GC-mass) 光谱法进行分析。结果表明，短小芽孢杆菌 1529 可将表面张力降低至 22.83 ± 1.1 mN m-1。此外，GC-质谱分析表明，1-羟基-2-萘甲酸、苯甲醛、邻苯二甲酸、和苯乙酸是菲生物降解过程中产生的显着菲代谢物。与非生物降解菲相比，生物降解菲及其代谢物对红花种子萌发的毒性作用较小。生物降解后，菲对种子萌发的 IC50 增加到大约 113 mg L-1。总的来说，生物表面活性剂产生菌的生物降解有助于将有毒的菲转化为危害较小、植物毒性作用较低的代谢物，表明其在多环芳烃的生物修复中的应用前景广阔。生物降解后，菲对种子萌发的 IC50 增加到大约 113 mg L-1。总的来说，生物表面活性剂产生菌的生物降解有助于将有毒的菲转化为危害较小、植物毒性作用较低的代谢物，表明其在多环芳烃的生物修复中的应用前景广阔。生物降解后，菲对种子萌发的 IC50 增加到大约 113 mg L-1。总的来说，生物表面活性剂产生菌的生物降解有助于将有毒的菲转化为危害较小、植物毒性作用较低的代谢物，表明其在多环芳烃的生物修复中的应用前景广阔。