ABSTRACT

The present review compiles and critically evaluates studies on the synthesis of dimethyl carbonate (DMC) using different techniques and catalysts with reaction conditions, a wide range of applications and environmental impact. In this review, we compare different strategies, wide variety of catalysts, and advantages and disadvantages of various DMC synthesis routes. We particularly focus on catalyst advancements for DMC synthesis from transesterification of carbonates/urea, and direct or indirect conversions of CO₂. Mechanisms of synthesis along with future perspectives have also been discussed. The transesterification of propylene carbonate and ethylene carbonate is an effective process for DMC synthesis. CO₂ with methanol is an emerging route for DMC synthesis. The major problems in various routes such as thermodynamic limitations, low yield and reaction rate, deactivation of catalyst due to hydrolysis have been discussed. Finally, potential applications of DMC and effective use as a multifunctional compound are exemplified.

摘要

本综述汇编并批判性地评估了使用不同技术和催化剂、反应条件、广泛的应用和环境影响合成碳酸二甲酯 (DMC) 的研究。在这篇综述中，我们比较了不同的策略、种类繁多的催化剂以及各种 DMC 合成路线的优缺点。我们特别关注通过碳酸酯/尿素的酯交换和 CO _{2 的}直接或间接转化来合成 DMC 的催化剂进展。还讨论了合成机制以及未来的前景。碳酸亚丙酯和碳酸亚乙酯的酯交换反应是合成DMC的有效方法。CO ₂甲醇是 DMC 合成的新兴途径。讨论了各种途径中的主要问题，如热力学限制、产率和反应速率低、催化剂因水解失活等。最后，举例说明了 DMC 的潜在应用和作为多功能化合物的有效用途。