Abstract The accumulation of engineered nanomaterials (ENMs) will increase as more applications are discovered for their unique properties and characteristics. Additionally, the presence of nanomaterials in the environment becomes exacerbated as more consumer products containing nanoparticles are approved for use. Some examples of nano-enabled products include cosmetics, plastic packaging, clothing, textiles, and paints. Once exposed to natural environmental settings, a variety of transformations may occur leading to agglomeration, dissolution, or secondary particle formation. It is debated whether the toxic effects of nanoparticles stem from the particles themselves, ionic species, or formation of secondary particles. Therefore, understanding the behavior of nanoparticles in the environment, such as their permeability into biological tissues, becomes key to understanding the toxicological effects of nanoparticles. Many advancements have been made with ICP-MS to understand the behavior of nanoparticles in the environment and in biological systems, as well as analysis of nanomaterials in complex matrices. The development of single particle inductively coupled mass spectroscopy (SP-ICP-MS) has been imperative to understanding nanoparticle behavior in environmental and biological matrices. Additionally, the modification of the various sample introduction systems and mass analyzers has been constantly ongoing, which has further developed the applications and utility of SP-ICP-MS.

中文翻译：

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单粒子电感耦合等离子体质谱 (SP-ICP-MS) 的环境应用和最新创新

摘要 随着工程纳米材料（ENMs）因其独特的性质和特性而被发现更多的应用，其积累将会增加。此外，随着更多含有纳米粒子的消费品被批准使用，环境中纳米材料的存在变得更加严重。纳米产品的一些例子包括化妆品、塑料包装、服装、纺织品和油漆。一旦暴露于自然环境环境中，可能会发生各种转变，导致团聚、溶解或二次粒子形成。纳米粒子的毒性作用是源于粒子本身、离子种类还是次级粒子的形成，这一点存在争议。因此，了解纳米粒子在环境中的行为，例如它们对生物组织的渗透性，成为了解纳米粒子毒理学作用的关键。ICP-MS 在了解纳米粒子在环境和生物系统中的行为以及分析复杂基质中的纳米材料方面取得了许多进步。单粒子电感耦合质谱 (SP-ICP-MS) 的发展对于了解纳米粒子在环境和生物基质中的行为至关重要。此外，各种样品引入系统和质量分析仪的改进也在不断进行，这进一步发展了 SP-ICP-MS 的应用和实用性。以及分析复杂基质中的纳米材料。单粒子电感耦合质谱 (SP-ICP-MS) 的发展对于了解纳米粒子在环境和生物基质中的行为至关重要。此外，各种样品引入系统和质量分析仪的改进也在不断进行，这进一步发展了 SP-ICP-MS 的应用和实用性。以及分析复杂基质中的纳米材料。单粒子电感耦合质谱 (SP-ICP-MS) 的发展对于了解纳米粒子在环境和生物基质中的行为至关重要。此外，各种样品引入系统和质量分析仪的改进也在不断进行，这进一步发展了 SP-ICP-MS 的应用和实用性。