Totally asymmetric tracer particles in an environment of symmetric hard-core particles on a ring are studied. Stationary state properties, including the environment density profile and tracer velocity are derived explicitly for a single tracer. Systems with more than one tracer are shown to factorise into single-tracer subsystems, allowing the single tracer results to be extended to an arbitrary number of tracers. We demonstrate the existence of a cooperative effect, where many tracers move with a higher velocity than a single tracer in an environment of the same size and density. Analytic calculations are verified by simulations. Results are compared to established results in related systems.

中文翻译：

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一维周期性硬核晶格气体中的驱动示踪剂

研究了环上对称硬核粒子环境中的完全不对称示踪粒子。静态状态属性，包括环境密度剖面和示踪速度是为单个示踪剂明确导出的。具有多个示踪剂的系统被证明可以分解为单示踪子系统，从而允许将单个示踪结果扩展到任意数量的示踪剂。我们证明了协同效应的存在，在相同大小和密度的环境中，许多示踪剂以比单个示踪剂更高的速度移动。通过模拟验证分析计算。将结果与相关系统中的既定结果进行比较。