With the arrival of the era of gravitational wave astronomy, the strong gravitational field regime will be explored soon in various aspects. In this article, we provide a general review over cylindrical systems in Einstein's theory of general relativity. In particular, we first review the general properties, both local and global, of several important solutions of Einstein's field equations, including the Levi-Civita and Lewis solutions and their extensions to include the cosmological constant and matter fields, and pay particular attention to properties that represent the generic features of the theory, such as the formation of the observed extragalactic jets and gravitational Faraday rotation. We also review studies of cylindrical wormholes, gravitational collapse and Hoop conjecture, and polarizations of gravitational waves. In addition, by rigorously defining cylindrically symmetric spacetimes, we clarify various (incorrect) claims existing in the literature, regarding to the generality of such spacetimes.

中文翻译：

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广义相对论中的圆柱系统

随着引力波天文学时代的到来，强引力场体制将很快得到多方面的探索。在本文中，我们对爱因斯坦广义相对论中的圆柱系统进行了总体回顾。特别是，我们首先回顾了爱因斯坦场方程的几个重要解的局部和全局的一般性质，包括 Levi-Civita 和 Lewis 解及其扩展到包括宇宙常数和物质场，并特别关注性质代表了该理论的一般特征，例如观测到的河外喷流的形成和引力法拉第旋转。我们还回顾了对圆柱形虫洞、引力坍缩和 Hoop 猜想以及引力波极化的研究。此外，