Differential sunlight exposure affects settling behaviour of hemlock woolly adelgid crawlers,Agricultural and Forest Entomology

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Differential sunlight exposure affects settling behaviour of hemlock woolly adelgid crawlers
Agricultural and Forest Entomology ( IF 1.6 ) Pub Date : 2020-05-11 , DOI: 10.1111/afe.12382
Albert E. Mayfield ₁ , Robert M. Jetton ₂

Affiliation

Previous research demonstrated that elevated sunlight improves carbon balance and growth of eastern hemlock (Tsuga canadensis (L.) Carrière) seedlings infested with the invasive hemlock woolly adelgid (Adelges tsugae Annand). This study examined the hypothesis that elevated visible and ultraviolet sunlight directly affects the settling behaviour of A. tsugae crawlers. Hemlock seedlings were manually infested with equal densities of A. tsugae and placed into artificial shade treatments (0%, 40% and 80% shade). The density of settled nymphs of the ensuing generation on shaded seedlings was three times higher than the density on unshaded seedlings. Adelges tsugae ovisacs were also attached to hydrated hemlock branches placed beneath acrylic filter treatments that selectively allowed transmission of various sunlight wavelengths. The proportion of adelgid crawlers that settled on the branch (vs. dropping from it) was higher beneath filters that blocked the widest spectrum of solar radiation (opaque and amber filters) than beneath full sun. In the March‐April trial, exposure to full sun and the full visible spectrum only (clear‐UV filter) significantly increased the proportion of crawlers that settled on the bottom (vs. top) side of the branch. Our results suggest that A. tsugae crawlers are negatively phototactic and/or thermotactic, with behaviour influenced more by visible light than ultraviolet light.

中文翻译：

不同的阳光照射影响铁杉羊毛爬行者的沉降行为

先前的研究表明，升高的阳光可以改善被侵入性铁杉羊毛 adelgid (Adelges tsugae Annand) 侵染的东部铁杉 (Tsuga canadensis (L.) Carrière) 幼苗的碳平衡和生长。本研究检验了升高的可见光和紫外线阳光直接影响 A. tsugae 爬虫的沉降行为的假设。用等密度的杉木人工侵染铁杉幼苗并置于人工遮荫处理中（0%、40% 和 80% 遮荫）。遮荫幼苗上后代的定居若虫密度是未遮荫幼苗密度的三倍。Adelges tsugae ovisacs 也附着在水合铁杉树枝上，这些树枝放置在丙烯酸过滤器处理下，选择性地允许各种阳光波长的透射。在阻挡最宽太阳辐射光谱的过滤器（不透明和琥珀色过滤器）下，定居在树枝上（与从树枝上掉下来）的阿德尔吉德爬虫的比例比在充足的阳光下要高。在 3 月至 4 月的试验中，仅暴露在全阳光和全可见光谱（透明紫外线过滤器）下显着增加了栖息在树枝底部（与顶部）侧的爬虫比例。我们的结果表明 A. tsugae 爬虫具有负趋光性和/或趋热性，其行为受可见光的影响比紫外光的影响更大。仅暴露在全阳光和全可见光谱下（透明紫外线过滤器）显着增加了爬行在树枝底部（与顶部）侧的比例。我们的结果表明 A. tsugae 爬虫具有负趋光性和/或趋热性，其行为受可见光的影响比紫外光的影响更大。仅暴露在全阳光和全可见光谱下（透明紫外线过滤器）显着增加了爬行在树枝底部（与顶部）侧的比例。我们的结果表明 A. tsugae 爬虫具有负趋光性和/或趋热性，其行为受可见光的影响比紫外光的影响更大。

更新日期：2020-05-11

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