Instrumentation and electrical (I&E) maintenance is typically managed using site‐wide policies, practices, and procedures. Since I&E equipment is part of the control system and nearly every other layer of protection, the cumulative impact of poor I&E performance can be a significant contributor to major events. Systematic problems in managing I&E equipment reliability lower process safety performance across a site. Practical guidance is needed on how to assess the vulnerability of existing sites to instrumented safeguard failure due to maintenance deficits. This paper leverages Reason's organizational accident model as a framework to discuss site‐specific factors that impact a site's susceptibility to maintenance error. A table of more than 60 human factors covering I&E maintenance activities was developed and organized by four elements of causality: organizational processes, workplace practices, personnel traits, and enabling conditions. The human factors table can be used to rate an industrial site on a negative‐to‐positive scale, highlighting those areas where systematic changes would likely improve maintenance performance and instrument reliability.

中文翻译：

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防止仪器化保障维护中出现系统错误的实用方法

仪表和电气 (I&E) 维护通常使用现场范围的政策、实践和程序进行管理。由于 I&E 设备是控制系统和几乎所有其他保护层的一部分，I&E 性能不佳的累积影响可能是导致重大事件的重要因素。管理 I&E 设备可靠性的系统性问题会降低整个现场的过程安全性能。需要关于如何评估现有站点因维护缺陷而导致仪表安全故障的脆弱性的实用指南。本文利用 Reason 的组织事故模型作为框架来讨论影响站点对维护错误的敏感性的站点特定因素。涵盖 I& 的 60 多个人为因素表 E 维护活动由因果关系的四个要素开发和组织：组织流程、工作场所实践、人员特征和有利条件。人为因素表可用于从负到正的尺度对工业场地进行评级，突出那些系统变化可能会提高维护性能和仪器可靠性的领域。