The rice crop is affected by diseases throughout its cycle, impacting negatively on grain yield and quality. The control of the disease impact can be accomplished via crop breeding, using highly multiple resistant genotypes. This study aimed to evaluate the efficiency of multiple‐character and specific selection of multiple resistance to major culture‐associated diseases (neck blast, leaf scald and grain discoloration) in rice lines of the Upland Rice Genetic Breeding Program. The experiments were conducted in 35 sites during 12 agricultural years, where 124 lines were evaluated for the severity of fungal diseases, under natural field conditions. Multiple parameters were calculated based on the diseases´ scores: genetic, phenotypic and environmental variances, heritability, selection gain, renewal rate, and genetic and renewal progress. Genetic variance for the disease resistance was identified in the population, and the selection gain for multiple‐character selection was of 3.16 year⁻¹ throughout the breeding process with a renewal rate of over 35%. The programme has showed efficiency in selecting multiple resistant genotypes to the mentioned diseases, highlighting genotypes with high potential for market release.

中文翻译：

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陆稻抗病遗传进展

稻米作物在整个周期中都受到疾病的影响，对谷物的产量和质量产生负面影响。可以通过使用高度多重抗性基因型的农作物育种来实现对疾病影响的控制。这项研究旨在评估陆地水稻遗传育种计划中水稻品种对主要文化相关疾病（颈部稻瘟病，叶鳞锈病和谷物变色）的多重性状和多重抗性的具体选择。在12个农业年度的35个地点进行了实验，在自然田间条件下评估了124个品系的真菌病严重性。根据疾病的分数计算出多个参数：遗传，表型和环境差异，遗传力，选择增益，更新率以及遗传和更新进展。^-1在整个育种过程中，更新率超过35％。该计划显示出了针对上述疾病选择多种耐药基因型的效率，突出了具有高市场释放潜力的基因型。