Oxidative stress refers to elevated levels of intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS). ROS homeostasis functions as a signaling pathway for normal cell survival and appropriate cell signaling. Chronic inflammation induced by imbalanced levels of ROS contributes to many diseases and different types of cancer. ROS can alter the expression of oncogenes and tumor suppressor genes through epigenetic modifications, transcription factors, and non‐coding RNAs. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are small non‐coding RNAs that play a key role in most biological pathways. Each miRNA regulates hundreds of target genes by inhibiting protein translation and/or promoting messenger RNA degradation. In normal conditions, miRNAs play a physiological role in cell proliferation, differentiation, and apoptosis. However, different factors that can dysregulate cell signaling and cellular homeostasis can also affect miRNA expression. The alteration of miRNA expression can work against disturbing factors or mediate their effects. Oxidative stress is one of these factors. Considering the complex interplay between ROS level and miRNA regulation and both of these with cancer development, we review the role of miRNAs in cancer, focusing on their function in oxidative stress.

中文翻译：

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miRNA，氧化应激和癌症：全面而更新的综述。

氧化应激是指细胞内活性氧（ROS）水平升高。ROS稳态作为正常细胞存活和适当细胞信号传导的信号通路。ROS水平不平衡引起的慢性炎症会导致许多疾病和不同类型的癌症。ROS可以通过表观遗传修饰，转录因子和非编码RNA改变癌基因和抑癌基因的表达。MicroRNA（miRNA）是小的非编码RNA，在大多数生物途径中都起着关键作用。每个miRNA通过抑制蛋白质翻译和/或促进信使RNA降解来调节数百个靶基因。在正常情况下，miRNA在细胞增殖，分化和凋亡中起生理作用。然而，可以异常调节细胞信号传导和细胞稳态的不同因素也可以影响miRNA的表达。miRNA表达的改变可对抗干扰因素或介导其作用。氧化应激是这些因素之一。考虑到ROS水平和miRNA调控之间的复杂相互作用，以及两者与癌症发展之间的复杂相互作用，我们回顾了miRNA在癌症中的作用，重点是其在氧化应激中的作用。