Selective Lithium Deposition on 3D Porous Heterogeneous Lithiophilic Skeleton for Ultrastable Lithium Metal Anodes,ChemNanoMat

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Selective Lithium Deposition on 3D Porous Heterogeneous Lithiophilic Skeleton for Ultrastable Lithium Metal Anodes
ChemNanoMat ( IF 2.6 ) Pub Date : 2020-06-03 , DOI: 10.1002/cnma.202000220
Tiancun Liu _{1,

2} , Xiudong Chen _{1,

3,

4} , Changchao Zhan _{1,

3,

4} , Xiaohua Cao _{1,

3} , Yawei Wang ₁ , Jin‐Hang Liu ₁

Affiliation

Lithium (Li) metal batteries (LMBs) have been deemed as the next promising high‐energy battery systems for ultrahigh energy densities. However, serious Li dendrites and low Coulombic efficiency issues still impede the practical application of LMBs. Herein, a common three‐dimensional (3D) copper foam partially decorated by a thin lithiophilic tin (Sn) layer (CF@Sn) has been constructed as the current collector of a Li metal anode. The large Li ions prefer to be induced by a Sn layer to produce Li−Sn alloy and selectively deposit on the alloy layers of the composite matrix. Due to the excellent confinement of the growth of metallic Li, the 3D porous heterogeneous lithiophilic skeleton can effectively improve uniform Li deposition, inhibit Li dendrite formation, reduce electrolyte consumption and enhance the electrochemical performance. The composite matrix leads to a high Coulombic efficiency (98.5%) over 400 cycles and ultrastable Li charging/discharging behavior for 1000 h for the symmetric cell at 1 mA cm⁻². For the low energy barrier of alloy layer, small potential polarization (20 mV in symmetric cell) and nucleation overpotential (10.5 mV) can be obtained as expected. Especially, full cells paired with LiFePO₄ cathodes and CF@Sn@Li anodes deliver an enhanced rate capability and a great discharging capacity of 140 mAh g⁻¹ with high capacity retention of 95.2% after 300 cycles at 0.5 C. The proposed 3D lithiophilic skeleton demonstrates an effective strategy to realize stable and practical Li metal anodes.

中文翻译：

超稳定锂金属阳极的3D多孔异质疏硫骨架上的选择性锂沉积

锂（Li）金属电池（LMB）已被认为是用于超高能量密度的下一个有前途的高能量电池系统。然而，严重的锂枝晶和低库仑效率问题仍然阻碍了LMB的实际应用。在此，已经构造了部分由薄的亲硫锡（Sn）层（CF @ Sn）装饰的普通三维（3D）铜泡沫塑料，作为锂金属阳极的集电器。大的Li离子更喜欢由Sn层诱导产生Li-Sn合金，并选择性地沉积在复合基质的合金层上。由于金属Li的生长受到了良好的限制，因此3D多孔异质亲硫骨架可有效改善Li的均匀沉积，抑制Li枝晶的形成，减少电解质的消耗并增强电化学性能。⁻²。对于合金层的低能垒，可以如预期的那样获得小的电势极化（对称电池中为20 mV）和成核超电势（10.5 mV）。尤其是，与LiFePO ₄阴极和CF @ Sn @ Li阳极配对的全电池可提供更高的倍率能力和140 mAh g ^-1的大放电容量，在0.5 C循环300次后仍可保持95.2％的高容量。骨架展示了实现稳定实用的锂金属阳极的有效策略。

更新日期：2020-06-03

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