Macrophytes play an important structural and functional role in marine ecosystems but are experiencing a considerable decline in many areas of the Mediterranean Sea. Despite the long tradition of studies on vegetated marine habitats in the Gulf of Naples (Italy), a gap of knowledge on their long-term dynamics has recently been highlighted, mainly in the most anthropised areas. This work aimed to provide insights from the historic industrialised coastal area of the Site of National Interest (SIN) Bagnoli-Coroglio (Gulf of Pozzuoli, Italy), after decades of chemical contaminations and coastal transformation, to build a baseline for the next remediation and restoration programs. Historical occurrence of macroalgae and seagrasses before, during and after the industrial period was assessed; in particular, we focused the attention mainly on habitat-forming species, due to the vital function played in the trophic net. We observed no differences in the macroalgal diversity between the SIN district and the other parts of the Gulf of Pozzuoli, except for the Gulf of Pozzuoli during the industrial period, where the biodiversity showed a decreasing trend. However, a substantial regression of the largest macrophytes (Fucales) on rocky coasts and of marine monocots on sandy bottoms, all over the area, has been recorded. A loss of about 70% has concerned seagrass cover, mainly Posidonia oceanica, in the contaminated area of the SIN: at present, this engineering species is missing on the bottom, facing the industrialised area. The human-made coastline transformation, the lack of natural substrates and the spatial remoteness among donor populations seem to be the leading causes of the significant decrease, over time, of marine forests in this study area. These factors should be taken into account to establish conservation priorities and for plant restoration.

大型植物在海洋生态系统中起着重要的结构和功能作用，但在地中海的许多地区正经历着相当大的衰退。尽管对那不勒斯湾（意大利）的植被海洋生境研究已有悠久的传统，但最近仍在强调其长期动态方面的知识空白，主要是在最人种化的地区。这项工作旨在通过数十年的化学污染和沿海改造，为国家利益（SIN）Bagnoli-Coroglio（意大利波佐利湾）的历史悠久的工业化沿海地区提供新见解，为下一步的补救和建立基线。恢复程序。评估了工业化时期之前，之中和之后的大型藻类和海草的历史发生情况；尤其是，由于营养网发挥了至关重要的作用，因此我们将注意力主要集中在形成栖息地的物种上。我们观察到SIN区与波佐利湾其他部分之间的大型藻类多样性没有差异，除了工业时期的波佐利湾外，生物多样性呈下降趋势。但是，已经记录到整个海岸地区岩石海岸上最大的大型植物（Fucales）和沙质底部的海洋单子叶植物都发生了实质性退化。大约70％的损失与海草覆盖有关，主要是 生物多样性呈现下降趋势。但是，已经记录到整个海岸地区岩石海岸上最大的大型植物（Fucales）和沙质底部的海洋单子叶植物都发生了实质性退化。大约70％的损失与海草覆盖有关，主要是 生物多样性呈现下降趋势。但是，已经记录到整个海岸地区岩石海岸上最大的大型植物（Fucales）和沙质底部的海洋单子叶植物都发生了实质性退化。大约70％的损失与海草覆盖有关，主要是SIN污染区的海洋波塞冬虫：目前，该工程种在面向工业化地区的底部缺失。人为的海岸线转变，缺乏天然底物以及捐助者之间的空间偏远似乎是该研究区域海洋森林随着时间的推移而显着减少的主要原因。建立保护重点和恢复植物时应考虑这些因素。