Abstract Environmental pollution from microplastics (MPs) and the associated health and environmental risks are the focus of intense multidisciplinary research. In fact, that there is an urgent need to produce quantitative and qualitative data on the amount and types of MPs in environmental matrices, organisms, and commodities, and to perform spatial and temporal comparisons. This has led to the development, optimization and application of analytical methods to characterize MPs in aquatic, terrestrial or biological samples. Instrumental analytical techniques based on analytical pyrolysis and thermal analyses provide qualitative and mass-based quantitative information and have a high potential to become of general use in the analysis of MPs. This paper reviews the research carried out to date in the analysis of MPs by analytical thermal and pyrolysis techniques. The aim is to provide a detailed and comprehensive critical examination of recent quantitative analysis developments, integrated with a brief historical excursus. The main analytical issues and limitations are described with practical detail, to provide an overview of the rapid ongoing development of this sector of analytical chemistry, and to contribute to the activities aimed at evaluating, comparing and standardising analytical techniques and analytical data in MP research.

中文翻译：

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分析热解和其他热分析技术在微塑料定性定量测定中的挑战和发展综述

摘要 微塑料 (MPs) 造成的环境污染以及相关的健康和环境风险是多学科研究的重点。事实上，迫切需要生成关于环境基质、生物体和商品中 MP 的数量和类型的定量和定性数据，并进行空间和时间比较。这导致了分析方法的开发、优化和应用，以表征水生、陆地或生物样品中的 MP。基于分析热解和热分析的仪器分析技术可提供定性和基于质量的定量信息，并且在 MP 分析中具有广泛使用的潜力。本文回顾了迄今为止在通过分析热和热解技术分析 MP 方面进行的研究。目的是对最近的定量分析发展进行详细而全面的批判性审查，并结合简短的历史回顾。主要分析问题和局限性用实际细节进行了描述，以概述该分析化学领域的快速发展，并有助于旨在评估、比较和标准化 MP 研究中的分析技术和分析数据的活动。