Abstract As urbanization increases, so do the demands on public parks to serve multiple aesthetic, recreational, and ecological functions. Decisions about vegetation selection and management on parkland are complex and must reconcile the values of diverse user groups. Public land managers serve a key role in this decision-making process, though their perspectives are not well understood. We apply Ostrom’s ‘action situation’ concepts from the Institutional Analysis and Development (IAD) framework to four focus group discussions with public land managers about the possible implementation of flowering bee lawns (turf areas seeded with low-growing flowers) to support pollinators. The 33 participants represented 24 local park departments throughout the Minneapolis-St. Paul metropolitan area. The public land managers’ descriptions highlight the intertwined roles that the public, elected officials, and maintenance staff play as stakeholders in vegetation change decisions. Participants’ narratives also illuminate the dynamics governing the decision to adopt a novel vegetation type on parkland and the strategies public land managers use to negotiate these situations. The anticipated prevailing public opinion of flowering bee lawns varied across communities, yet there was similarity across park systems in the kinds of tensions and dynamics they expected (e.g. pressure to reduce maintenance costs, growing public concern for bee conservation, public fears of bee stings). They responded with three strategies; most common was an active effort to educate the public and elected officials. In contrast, some advocated a more discreet approach, experimenting with flowering lawns at low-visibility sites where the public would be unlikely to notice. Finally, a third approach, not mentioned as frequently, was to promote flowering lawns as an effort to reduce mowing or the use of herbicides. Our findings shed light on public land managers’ understandings of the complex socio-ecological landscape that they must navigate to effect vegetation change.

中文翻译：

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将“行动情境”概念应用于公共土地管理者对城市公园开花蜂草坪的看法

摘要 随着城市化进程的加快，对公园服务于多种审美、休闲和生态功能的需求也在增加。关于公园绿地植被选择和管理的决策很复杂，必须协调不同用户群体的价值观。公共土地管理者在这个决策过程中发挥着关键作用，尽管他们的观点并没有得到很好的理解。我们将来自机构分析和发展 (IAD) 框架的 Ostrom 的“行动情况”概念应用于与公共土地管理人员就开花蜂草坪（种植低生长花卉的草坪区域）以支持传粉媒介的可能实施的四个焦点小组讨论。33 名参与者代表了明尼阿波利斯-圣路易斯地区的 24 个当地公园部门。保罗都市区。公共土地管理者的描述强调了公众、民选官员和维护人员作为利益相关者在植被变化决策中所扮演的相互交织的角色。参与者的叙述还阐明了决定在公园土地上采用新型植被类型的动态以及公共土地管理者用来协商这些情况的策略。开花蜂草坪的预期普遍舆论因社区而异，但公园系统在他们预期的紧张和动态类型方面存在相似性（例如降低维护成本的压力、公众对蜜蜂保护的日益关注、公众对蜜蜂蜇伤的恐惧） . 他们以三种策略作出回应；最常见的是积极努力教育公众和民选官员。相比之下，有些人主张采取更谨慎的方法，在公众不太可能注意到的低能见度地点试验开花草坪。最后，第三种方法（未经常提及）是促进开花草坪，以减少割草或使用除草剂。我们的研究结果阐明了公共土地管理者对复杂的社会生态景观的理解，他们必须导航以影响植被变化。