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Dissecting EXIT
Journal of Mathematical Psychology ( IF 2.2 ) Pub Date : 2020-05-12 , DOI: 10.1016/j.jmp.2020.102371
Samuel Paskewitz 1 , Matt Jones 1
Affiliation  

Kruschke’s EXIT model (Kruschke, 2001b) has been very successful in explaining a variety of learning phenomena by means of selective attention. In particular, EXIT produces learned predictiveness effects (Le Pelley and McLaren, 2003), the inverse base rate effect (Kruschke, 1996; Medin and Edelson, 1988), inattention after blocking (Beesley and Le Pelley, 2011; Kruschke and Blair, 2000), differential cue use across the stimulus space (Aha and Goldstone, 1992) and conditional learned predictiveness effects (Uengoer et al., 2013). We dissect EXIT into its component mechanisms (error-driven learning, selective attention, attentional competition, rapid attention shifts and exemplar mediation of attention) and test whether simplified versions of EXIT can explain the same experimental results as the full model. Most phenomena can be explained by either rapid attention shifts or attentional competition, without the need for combining them as in EXIT. There is little evidence for exemplar mediation of attention when people learn linearly separable category structures (e.g. Kruschke and Blair, 2000; Le Pelley and McLaren, 2003); whether or not it is needed for non-linear categories depends on stimulus representation (Aha and Goldstone, 1992; Uengoer et al., 2013). On the whole, we believe that attentional competition—embodied in a model which we dub CompAct—offers the simplest explanation for the experimental results we examine.



中文翻译:

解剖出口

Kruschke 的 EXIT 模型 (Kruschke, 2001b) 在通过选择性注意解释各种学习现象方面非常成功。特别是,EXIT 会产生学习预测效应(Le Pelley 和 McLaren,2003)、逆基准率效应(Kruschke,1996;Medin 和 Edelson,1988)、阻塞后注意力不集中(Beesley 和 Le Pelley,2011;Kruschke 和 Blair,2000 )、刺激空间中的差异提示使用 (Aha and Goldstone, 1992) 和条件学习预测效应 (Uengoer et al., 2013)。我们将 EXIT 分解为其组成机制(错误驱动的学习、选择性注意、注意竞争、快速注意转移和注意的示例性中介),并测试 EXIT 的简化版本是否可以解释与完整模型相同的实验结果。大多数现象可以用快速的注意力转移或注意力竞争来解释,而不需要像 EXIT 那样将它们结合起来。当人们学习线性可分的类别结构时,几乎没有证据表明注意力中介作用(例如 Kruschke 和 Blair,2000;Le Pelley 和 McLaren,2003);非线性类别是否需要它取决于刺激表示(Aha 和 Goldstone,1992;Uengoer 等,2013)。总的来说,我们相信注意力竞争——体现在我们称之为 CompAct 的模型中——为我们检查的实验结果提供了最简单的解释。克鲁施克和布莱尔,2000;勒佩利和迈凯轮,2003);非线性类别是否需要它取决于刺激表示(Aha 和 Goldstone,1992;Uengoer 等,2013)。总的来说,我们相信注意力竞争——体现在我们称之为 CompAct 的模型中——为我们检查的实验结果提供了最简单的解释。克鲁施克和布莱尔,2000;勒佩利和迈凯轮,2003);非线性类别是否需要它取决于刺激表示(Aha 和 Goldstone,1992;Uengoer 等,2013)。总的来说,我们相信注意力竞争——体现在我们称之为 CompAct 的模型中——为我们检查的实验结果提供了最简单的解释。

更新日期:2020-05-12
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