Acetylation belongs to a class of post-translational modification (PTM) processes that epigenetically regulate gene expression and gene transcriptional activity. Reversible histone acetylation on lysine residues governs the interactions between DNA and histones to mediate chromatin remodeling and gene transcription. Non-histone protein acetylation complicates cellular function whereas acetylation of key mitochondrial enzymes regulates bioenergetic metabolism. Acetylation and deacetylation of functional proteins are essential to the delicated homeostatic regulation of embryonic development, postnatal maturation, cardiomyocyte differentiation, cardiac remodeling and onset of various cardiovascular diseases including obesity, diabetes mellitus, cardiometabolic diseases, ischemia-reperfusion injury, cardiac remodeling, hypertension, and arrhythmias. Histone acetyltransferase (HATs) and histone deacetylases (HDACs) are essential enzymes mainly responsible for the regulation of lysine acetylation levels, thus providing possible drugable targets for therapeutic interventions in the management of cardiovascular diseases.

中文翻译：

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心血管疾病中的乙酰化：分子机制及其临床意义。

乙酰化属于翻译后修饰（PTM）过程的一类，该过程在表观遗传上调节基因表达和基因转录活性。赖氨酸残基上可逆的组蛋白乙酰化控制着DNA和组蛋白之间的相互作用，以介导染色质重塑和基因转录。非组蛋白的乙酰化使细胞功能复杂化，而关键线粒体酶的乙酰化则调节生物能代谢。功能性蛋白质的乙酰化和去乙酰化对于胚胎发育，产后成熟，心肌细胞分化，心脏重塑和各种心血管疾病（包括肥胖症，糖尿病，心脏代谢疾病，缺血-再灌注损伤，心脏重塑，高血压，和心律不齐。